TITLE:	ESH&Q Division
DOCUMENT ID:	Glossary of Terms

A

B

C

D

E

F

G

H

I

J

K

L

M

N

O

P

Q

R

S

T

U

V

W

X

Y

Z

Acronyms

A

abnormal situation

An unplanned event or condition that adversely affects, potentially affects, or indicates degradation in the safety, security, environmental, or health protection performance or operation of a facility.

AC utilization equipment

Equipment that utilizes electrical energy for electronic, electromechanical, chemical, heating, lighting, or similar purposes. For further information on this equipment refer to ES&H Manual Chapter 6230 Electronic Equipment Safe Work Program.

acceleration system/component

Devices capable of accelerating particles to energies of > 10 keV. This includes ac, dc, or RF voltages in excess of 10 kV applied in or near a low pressure vessel. (Prompt radiation controls are recommended for equipment capable of generating a final particle energy ≥ 25 keV.)

Accelerator Operations Directives (AOD)

A comprehensive directive that describes and governs how MCC Operations "does business." Details the approach utilized by Accelerator operators to comply with Jefferson Lab policy, procedures, and documentation requirements.(see http://opsntsrv.acc.jlab.org/ops_docs/online_document_files/ACC_online_files/accel_ops_directives.pdf)

Accelerator Safety Envelope (ASE)

A set of physical and administrative conditions based on ES&H considerations contained in DOE guidelines. The ASE establishes and defines the boundaries within which an accelerator and its experiments may be operated. If all operations are performed within the boundaries of the safety envelope, the facility staff, the facility users, the general public, and the environment are protected. (See Jefferson Lab’s Final Safety Assessment Document)

access control system (ACS)

A system that reduces the likelihood of unauthorized or inadvertent access to areas presenting a radiation hazard to personnel.

access-restricted construction site

Any construction site on Jefferson Lab property that generally meets the following criteria:

· A fenced site separate from the Jefferson Lab operations area.

· Vehicular access to the site does not enter the Jefferson Lab operations area.

· Subcontractor employees are not required to have a Jefferson Lab ID badge

· Jefferson Lab Staff, Users, or service subcontractors are not allowed free access

action level

Term used to designate when an activity requires medical surveillance, increased Industrial Hygiene monitoring, or other mitigation to reduce risk. Action levels are generally set at one half the actual permissible exposure limit (PEL), and are calculated at a time-weighted average of 8-hours of exposure (e.g.: noise, lead, beryllium.) (e.g. 30 μg/m3 concentration of lead particulates in the air for eight hours triggers stringent Industrial Hygiene monitoring.)

action owner

The individual assigned responsibility for completion of a corrective action.

active controls

Controls that require some action to prevent or mitigate a hazard.

administrative control level

A numerical dose constraint established at a level below regulatory limits that administratively controls and helps reduce individual and collective dose.

administrative controls

Controls which require action on the part of an individual to be effective. Effectiveness depends upon individual awareness and compliance. Used when a hazard cannot be reduced to safe levels through engineering controls. The most common Administrative Controls at Jefferson Lab include, but are not limited to: procedures, recordkeeping, assessment, and reporting. (Administrative controls are the least preferred method of hazard mitigation.)

administrative lockout/tagout

Procedures used to restrict operation, access, equipment use, or tampering for reasons other than maintenance and repair. (See ES&H Manual Chapter 6111 Administrative Control using Locks and Tags.)

Administrative Lockout/Tagout Tag

Clearly distinguishable from Jefferson Lab approved Danger Tags.

administrative procedures

Procedures related to ES&H, adopted by Jefferson Lab, that do not directly alter the level of safety, health, or environmental protection.

affected employee

A person who relies on equipment that LO/TO is applied to during maintenance or service. The affected employee is not necessarily the one performing the maintenance. It is anyone whose work requires entry into an area where that person could be injured by an uncontrolled release of energy as the result of maintenance and/or service or whose work is interrupted by the maintenance and/or service.

affirmative procurement (AP)

A federal program that obligates the federal government to participate in the final link in the closed loop recycling process; procurement of products made from recycled materials.

agreement parties

The parties authorized to sign the contract, and modifications thereof, between the DOE and the Jefferson Science Associates, LLC (JSA) on behalf of their respective institutions. These parties are the Contracting Officer and the President of JSA.

airborne radioactive material or

airborne radioactivity

Radioactive material dispersed in the air in the form of dusts, fumes, particulates, mists, vapors, or gases.

airborne radioactivity area

Any area, accessible to individuals where: (1) The concentration of airborne radioactivity, above natural background, exceeds or is likely to exceed the derived air concentration (DAC) values listed in Appendix A or Appendix C of 10 CFR 835 or (2) An individual present in the area without respiratory protection could receive an intake exceeding 12 DAC-hours in a week.

alert level

The cumulative annual exposure that triggers special efforts to keep an individual’s exposure ALARA. Jefferson Lab’s alert level is 0.25 rem (250 mrem) in 1 year.

alternative design rules

A set of design rules that permit the safe design of a pressure system that cannot be made to conform to the ASME BPV or B31.3 because of materials, material thickness, or operating conditions.

alternate duty

A temporary assignment to other-than-customary work operation that allows productive work during an injury recuperation period. This may include an assignment outside the employee’s normal work group.

American National Standards Institute and the Institute of Electrical and Electronic Engineers (ANSI/IEEE)

These two organizations have collaborated to produce two standards, “Recommended Practice for the Measurement of Potentially Hazardous Electromagnetic Fields — RF and Microwave.” Its reference number is C95.3–1991. (Also the “IEEE Standard for Safety Levels with respect to Human Exposure to Radio Frequency Electromagnetic Fields” C95.1 3 kHz to 300 GHz.) http://www.ansi.org/ / http://www.ieee.org/portal/site

American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME)

The professional engineering organization whose Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code is the standard for pressure vessel engineering at Jefferson Lab. This code can also be adapted for certain cases of vacuum vessel engineering design. The most frequently used sections of the Code as applied to pressure vessels used at Jefferson Lab are: Section II Materials, Section VIII Rules for Construction of Pressure Vessels, and Section IX Welding and Brazing Qualifications. http://www.asme.org/

ANSI Z-136.1 “American National Standard for Safe Use of Lasers”

Sufficient external standard requirements Jefferson Lab is contractually required to meet for safe laser use, prepared by the American National Standards Institute. Copies are available from the Laser Safety Officer or ESH&Q Reporting Officer.

approved equipment

An apparatus or component of a system, including any associated safety equipment, used for welding, cutting, or brazing that has been approved by management for the intended purpose.

arc flash boundary

The approach limit from a prospective arc source within which a person could receive a second degree burn if an electrical arc flash were to occur (ref. NFPA 70E). When work is to be performed within the arc flash boundary, the qualified persons use personal protective equipment (PPE) that is appropriate for the available incident energy of the system being worked on.

as low as reasonably achievable (ALARA)

The approach used in radiation protection to manage and control exposures (both individual and collective) to the work force and the general public, taking into account social, technical, economic, practical, and public policy considerations. ALARA is not a dose limit, but a process with the objective of attaining doses as far below the applicable limits as is reasonably achievable.

asbestos-containing building material (ACBM)

Components, systems, or surfaces in a building that were manufactured with asbestos, or to which asbestos coatings have been applied.

ASME – Boiler and Pressure Vessel (BPV) Code

The national consensus code used as the standard for pressure vessel design, fabrication, testing, and inspection at Jefferson Lab. The most frequently used sections of the ASME BPV Code as applied to pressure vessels at Jefferson Lab are:

· Section II: Materials, Parts A, B, C, and D

· Section V: Nondestructive Examination

· Section VIII: Rules for Construction of Pressure Vessels, Divisions I & II

· Section IX: Welding and Brazing Qualifications

ASME – Code for Pressure Piping B31

The national consensus code used as the standard for piping system design, fabrication, testing, and inspection at Jefferson Lab. The sections of B31 that apply to piping systems at Jefferson Lab include:

· B31.1 Power Piping

· B31.3 Process Piping*

· B31.5 Refrigeration Piping

· B31.9 Building Services Piping

*ASME B31.3 Process Piping shall be used as the primary standard for Jefferson Lab piping systems. Other sections shall be applied as appropriate based on sound judgment of the Design Authority and proven practices in the respective field.

assigned radiation monitor (ARM)

Assists the Radiation Control Department in performing radiation survey measurements of the facility and equipment. ARMs are members of the FEL group and the Machine Control Center staff, as well as others, who have completed special radiation survey training.

Staff members who have completed special radiation survey training and assist the Radiation Control Department in performing radiation survey measurements of the facility and equipment.

attendant

An individual stationed outside a permit-required confined space (PRCS) who monitors the authorized entrants and performs other duties as indicated on the entry permit. (See ES&H Manual Chapter 6160 Confined Space Entry.)

audiometric testing

A procedure that measures hearing ability. The perception threshold is established at representative frequencies from 500 Hz to 8 kHz. The unit of measure is decibels on the A-weighted sound scale (dBA), which measures the slow response sound pressure level relative to 0.2 newton/cm2, frequency-normalized for typical human ear sound response.

authority having jurisdiction (AHJ)

The decision-making authority for fire-protection systems, building features, and suitability for occupancy with respect to fire safety as described in ES&H Manual Chapter 6900 Fire Protection Program. Final AHJ responsibilities rest with the cognizant DOE Authority. The Jefferson Lab Facilities Management Director (PED) provides the laboratory with direction for fire-protection based upon contractual commitments and applicable standards and codes, and serves as the on-site AHJ.

authorized employee

Employee given permission to perform a task by the responsible Supervisor after consideration of the necessary qualifications, experience, and other work planning factors.

Automated External Defibrillator (AED)

A computerized medical device that can check a person’s heart rhythm, recognize a rhythm that requires a shock, and advise the rescuer when a shock is needed. The AED uses voice prompts, lights, and text messages to tell the rescuer the steps to take.

aversion response

Often referred to as the “blink reflex,” closing of the eyelids, or movement of the eyes/head to avoid exposure to a noxious stimulant or bright light. The aversion response is assumed to occur within 0.25 sec including blink reflex time and is only applicable to visible laser wavelengths.

B

backflow preventer

A mechanical device used to prevent foreign materials from entering and contaminating the drinking water supply.

backup protection

A secondary, redundant, protective system designed to de-energize a device, system, or facility so as to permit safe physical contact by maintenance personnel. A backup protective system is totally independent of the first-line protection and capable of functioning in the event of total failure of the first-line protective system.

beam dump

A beam dump is a complete system that provides for the controlled absorption of the accelerated beam power.

beam line

All accelerator components that comprise the vacuum space through which the electron beam is transported.

Beam “on”/“off”

The injector gun is or is not in the beam permit state.

beam power absorber

A device designed to safely absorb an electron beam and transfer the power to another medium.

Becquerel (Bq)

The Standard International (SI) unit of radioactivity. One becquerel is the quantity of radioactive material in which one atom is transformed per second or undergoes one disintegration per second.

below-the-hook lifting device

Any device, other than slings, used for attaching loads to a hoist (such as a spreader bar), as described in ASME B30.20-1993 Section 20-0.1. (See ES&H Manual Chapter 6141 Material Handling Equipment – Rigging, Cranes, and Hoists.)

beryllium article

Defined by 10 CFR 850 Chronic Beryllium Disease Prevention Program; Final Rule December 8, 1999: An item that is formed to a specific shape or design during manufacture, has end-use functions that depend (entirely or in part) on its shape or design during end use, and does not release beryllium or otherwise result in exposure to airborne concentrations of beryllium under normal conditions of use.

bioassay

The determination of the kinds, quantities, or concentrations, and, in some cases, locations of radioactive material in the human body, whether by direct measurement or by analysis and evaluation of radioactive materials excreted or removed from the human body.

bio-based product

A commercial or industrial product (other than food or feed) that utilizes biological products or renewable domestic agricultural (plant, animal, or marine) or forestry materials.

bioelectronic device

Any type of electrically powered medical device that assists in maintaining metabolic processes or is worn for diagnostic purposes. These may be surgically implanted or worn externally. Examples include cardiac pacemakers, implanted defibrillators, and insulin pumps.

blind penetration

Drilling, cutting, nailing, and installing fasteners, etc. into a wall or floor when the interior is concealed from view. (See ES&H Manual Chapter 3320 Temporary Work Permits.)

bloodborne pathogens

Pathogenic microorganisms that are present in human blood and can cause disease in humans. These pathogens include, but are not limited to, Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) and Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV). (See ES&H Manual Chapter 6800 Occupational Medicine.)

brazement

An assembly having its joints produced by brazing.

brazing

A joining process whereby a nonferrous filler metal or alloy is heated to melting temperature and distributed between two or more close-fitting parts by capillary action.

brazing procedure specification (BPS)

Written detailed methods and practices for brazing, including a brazing procedure involved in the production of a brazement.

building service electrical equipment

All industry standard, UL listed (or other nationally recognized testing standard) electrical equipment that provides common building utilities such as electrical distribution, environmental controls, elevator service, compressed air, and refrigeration.

Business Continue Plan (or Program) (BCP)

An ongoing process supported by senior management to ensure that the necessary steps are taken to identify the impact of potential losses, maintain viable recovery plans and strategies, and ensure continuity of operations through personnel training, plan testing, and maintenance.

C

calibration

To adjust and/or determine either: (1) The response or reading of an instrument relative to a standard (e.g., primary, secondary, or tertiary) or to a series of conventionally true values or (2) The strength of a radiation source relative to a standard (e.g., primary, secondary, or tertiary) or conventionally true value.

cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR)

An emergency procedure consisting of artificial respiration and external chest compressions to maintain a steady flow of blood and oxygen for a person whose heart and/or lungs have stopped functioning. (See http://www.jlab.org/div_dept/train/ to schedule training.)

change driver

The reason for considering and/or making a change to an existing obligatory procedure.

Clean Air Act and Amendments (CAAA)

Sets limits on certain air pollutants to help ensure basic health and environmental protection. It gives the EPA authority to limit emissions of air pollutants coming from sources like chemical plants, utilities, and still mills. States may have stronger air pollution laws, but may not have weaker limits than those set by the EPA. The 1990 Clean Air Act is the most recent version of a law first passed in 1970 to clean up air pollution. See www.epa.gov/air/caa/.

closed-loop recycling

The process by which products are purchased and used then collected and reused, avoiding the cost and environmental damage associated with waste disposal. This reuse may include the product itself (book exchange) or the products material (old newspaper to cellulose).

cognizant person

A person who is knowledgeable, trained, certified, and designated by either Physics or Accelerator Division Management as appropriate (per Jefferson Lab’s Final Safety Assessment Document).

collective dose

The sum of the total effective dose equivalent values for all individuals in a specified population. Collective dose is expressed in units of person-rem (or person-sievert).

Committed Effective Dose

The sum of the committed equivalent doses to various tissues or organs in the body (HT,50), each multiplied by the appropriate tissue weighting factor (wT)—that is, E50= ΣwTHT,50+ wRemainderHRemainder,50. Where “wRemainder” is the tissue weighting factor assigned to the remainder organs and tissues and “HRemainder,50” is the committed equivalent dose to the remainder organs and tissues.

Committed Equivalent Dose

The equivalent dose calculated to be received by a tissue or organ over a 50-year period after the intake of a radionuclide into the body. It does not include contributions from radiation sources external to the body.

competent person

A person who has documented training and experience in locating, identifying, and marking buried and concealed utilities by use of specialized instruments and by interpreting building and site drawings to aid in such location.

compressed (or pressurized) gas

Any gas enclosed in a container at a pressure higher than 40 psia at 68°F (20°C); also any flammable liquid enclosed in a container with a vapor pressure of 40 psia or higher at 100°F (37.8°C). See ES&H Manual Chapter 6150 Compressed, Liquefied, and Solidified Gas Program

configuration control

A strict change control system that protects all elements of a set of prompt ionizing radiation controls from unauthorized or inadvertent modification.

confined space

An area that meets all three of the following criteria:

· There is sufficient space for a person to enter and perform work;

· There are limited/restricted means for entering/exiting the space;

· The space was not designed for continuous occupancy.

(See ES&H Manual Chapter 6160 Confined Space Entry.)

confined space entry

Occurs when any part of the body breaks the plane of the confined space opening. See ES&H Manual Chapter 6160 Confined Space Entry

consequence level

The likely effect of an incident/accident in terms of injury to personnel, damage to facility operation, and environmental impact.

Consequence Level	Severity	Property Loss
High (H)	Serious impact on-site and off-site. May cause deaths or loss of facility operation. Major impact on the environment	> $100,000
Medium (M)	Major impact on and/or minor impact off-site. May cause death, severe injury, severe occupational illness to personnel, major damage to the facility operation, or minor impact on the environment.	> $50,000
Low (L)	Minor impact on-site with no off-site impact. May cause minor injury, minor occupational illness, or minor impact on the environment.	> $500
Extremely Low (EL)	Will not result in a significant injury, occupational illness, or provide a significant impact on the environment	< $500

(See ES&H Manual Chapter 3210 Appendix T3 Risk Code Assignment.)

construction

The combination of erection, installation, assembly, demolition, or fabrication activities involved in creating a new facility or altering, adding to, rehabilitating, dismantling, or removing an existing facility. It also includes the alteration and repair (including dredging, excavating, and painting) of buildings, structures, or other real property, as well as any construction, demolition, and excavation activities conducted as part of environmental restoration or remediation efforts.

contaminant

Any objectionable or hazardous physical, chemical, biological, or radiological substance or matter in water.

contaminated surface

The presence or the reasonably anticipated presence of blood or other potentially infectious materials on an item or surface.

contamination area

An area where transferable radioactive contamination exists in quantities above specified limits. These areas are posted with signs and access is restricted to specially trained workers via Radiological Work Permits (RWPs).

Continuity of Operations Plan (COOP)

An internal effort within an organization to assure that the capability exists to continue essential business functions across a wide range of potential emergencies, including localized acts of nature, accidents, and technological and/or attack/terrorist-related emergencies. Essentially equivalent to Business Continuity Plan.

Continuous Communications

(In reference to PRCS areas having ODH conditions) Achieved when a frequent verbal exchange, at normal conversation levels, allows the Authorized Attendant to assess the Authorized Entrant’s condition without visual aid.

The following are NOT considered constant communication: monitoring at a distance that requires communication at higher than conversation levels; cell phones, two-way radios, two-way voice pagers, any paging system, cameras, or PA systems.

contracting technical representative (CTR) (See SOTR)

An employee who acts as liaison between the Lab and contracted workers and is responsible for their actions while here.

contributing factor

A situation, condition, or practice that made an accident more likely to occur or that worsened the outcome. (See ES&H Manual Chapter 5200 Event Investigation and Causal Analysis Process.)

control of the site

When a group performing work has taken physical control of the site to the extent that previously marked utilities cannot be altered and additional utilities cannot be installed without their knowledge.

controlled area

An area where access is controlled to protect individuals from radiation exposure.

controlled area radiation monitor (CARM)

A radiation detection system in an occupied area interlocked to the accelerator’s Personnel Safety System (PSS) that shuts off the electron beam if radiation levels exceed set points.

controlled document

A document approved by an appropriate level of management, reviewed at a predetermined interval, and made available to those who perform under its direction.

controls

Provisions related to organization and management (i.e. procedures, recordkeeping, assessment, and reporting) necessary to ensure safe operation of a facility. Practices or devices designed to manage or reduce hazards. Controls may consist of engineering and/or administrative devices, warnings, or procedures designed to control hazards.

Corrective Action (See also: Preventive Action)

An activity that restores a service, item, component, or process to a state of acceptable compliance with specifications, procedures, or regulatory requirements. (Corrective actions are designated in CATS within the “Issue Type” pull-down menu.)

Corrective Action Tracking System (CATS)

The Jefferson Lab online database used to document, track, and trend findings, observations, and proposed corrective actions to completion. https://mis.jlab.org/ehs/

corrosive

A chemical that causes visible destruction of or irreversible alterations in living tissue by chemical action at the site of contact.

course

A training program or “learning activity” that is designed to teach or impart the information necessary to acquire a skill.

crane/hoist owner/Supervisor

The individual listed on Jefferson Lab property documentation as the custodian of the Material Handling Equipment.

Credited control

A safety control established to mitigate a hazard that is categorized as unacceptable (or in some cases tolerable) and, therefore, included in the Accelerator Safety Envelope.

Criteria and Review Approach Document (CRAD)

A detailed compilation of documentation titles, positions/titles of interviewees, locations and work functions to observe, and questions to ask to perform an assessment.

critical device

An accelerator or beamline component(s) specifically designed and used to ensure that the electron beam is either inhibited or cannot be transported into areas where people are present (occupied area). A critical device can be an individual component or a collection of components. Examples include power supplies, power switches, beam stoppers, beam current monitors, and electron guns. The configuration of critical devices is controlled to ensure that critical device function meets the requirements in the Accelerator Safety Envelope. The Conduct of Engineering Manual gives the process for managing the configuration of critical devices. The Safety Configuration Management Board must concur in any changes to critical devices.

critical lift

As defined by DOE-STD-1090-2007 Standard for Hoisting and Rigging: Chapter 2 – “A lift shall be designated critical if any of the following conditions are met:

1. The load item, if damaged or upset would result in a release, into the environment of radioactive or hazardous material exceeding the established permissible environmental limits.

2. The load item is unique and, if damaged, would be irreplaceable or not repairable and is vital to a system, facility or project operation.

3. The cost to replace or repair the load item, or the delay in operations of having the load item damaged would have a negative impact on facility, organizational, or DOE budgets to the extent that it would affect program commitments.

4. A lift not meeting the above criteria shall also be designated critical if mishandling or dropping of the load would cause any of the above noted consequences to nearby installations or facilities.”

(See ES&H Manual Chapter 6141 Appendix T4 Hoisting and Rigging Operations.)

critique

A meeting of personnel involved in or knowledgeable about an event (either a success or an abnormal event) where chronological listing of the facts is documented.

cryogen

A super-cooled substance, usually liquid, that is used to cool other materials to extremely low temperatures.

curie (Ci)

Unit of radioactivity equivalent to 37 billion disintegrations per second.

cutting

The act of shearing, slicing, or shaping metal (usually using cutting torches or powered tools) that produces hot edges or fragments.

D

daisy chain

Extension cords connected one to another in a series.

danger tag

A specific type of tag (and the only authorized tag) used as the official warning tag for maintenance and repair LO/TO at Jefferson Lab. It is used to warn people not to tamper with equipment that has the potential for a hazardous release of energy. Each tag must carry the printed name of the person who placed the tag. Below is a typical tag.

declared pregnant worker

A woman who has voluntarily declared to her employer, in writing, her pregnancy for the purpose of being subject to the occupational exposure limits to the embryo/fetus as provided in 10 CFR 835.206. This declaration may be revoked, in writing, at any time by the declared pregnant worker.

decontamination

The process of removing or neutralizing a harmful substance, such as radioactive materials or chemicals, from personnel, equipment, or areas.

deep dose equivalent

The dose equivalent derived from external radiation at a depth of 1 cm in tissue.

Defense in-depth control

A safety control established to provide protection beyond that afforded by a credited control; or to mitigate other lesser hazards that are categorized as acceptable (or in some cases tolerable).

deliverable

A product or service delivered to fulfill a contract.

deluge system

Special-purpose extinguishing system for a limited-size, high-hazard area with a limited quantity of extinguishing agent.

derived air concentration (DAC)

For the radionuclides listed in “Appendix A to 10 CFR 835,” the airborne concentration that equals the annual limit intake (ALI) divided by the volume of air breathed by an average worker for a working year of 2000 hours (assuming a breathing volume of 2400 m3). For the radionuclides listed in “Appendix C to 10 CFR 835,” the air immersion DACs calculated for continuous, non-shielded exposure via immersion in a semi-infinite atmospheric cloud.

derived air concentration (DAC)-hour

The product of the concentration of radioactive material in air (expressed as a fraction or multiple of the DAC for each radionuclide) and the time of exposure to that radionuclide, in hours.

Design Authority

The engineer designated by a Division Head to be responsible for establishing the design requirements and ensuring that design output documentation accurately reflects the design basis. The Design Authority is responsible for design control and ultimate technical adequacy of the design process. These responsibilities are applicable whether the process is conducted fully in-house, partially contracted to outside organizations, or fully contracted to outside organizations. The Design Authority may delegate design work, but not its responsibilities.

Engineer designated by a Division to be responsible for pressure system design, fabrication, and testing.

design review

A process to identify and correct errors and discrepancies in project designs, while ensuring conformance with applicable codes and standards. It also ensures completeness, value engineering, and the ability to construct and maintain a durable and safe facility that meets the needs of its users. The scope and detail of design review is generally matched to that of the intended project.

designated inspector

A person who, on the basis of training, experience, and qualifications, has been designated to perform inspection duties in his/her area of expertise.

dewar

Approved container for storing cryogens.

direct electrical hazard

A potential source of injury resulting from the flow of electrical energy through a person (electrical shock and burns).

disposition standard

The retention period or length of time that records are kept.

diversity

Using different technologies to accomplish a given task, such as beam shutdown.

document

Information and its supporting medium, which can be paper, magnetic, electronic or optical computer disc, photograph or master sample, or any combination thereof. Jefferson Lab utilizes three separate categories of controlled documents:

· Class I – Reviewed and approved by the DOE/ TJSO under contractual or regulatory requirements.

· Class II – Approved by the Laboratory Director and his designees.

· Class III – Address Risk Codes of > 2 or determine the actions of more than one work group, and are approved by affected management and, if applicable, Subject Matter Experts.

document hierarchy

DocuShare

The Document Management System established at Jefferson Lab to facilitate the availability and retrieval of documents. This Document Management System is a searchable, web-based content management system that allows users to employ a web browser to store, view, edit, and share information with other users across the Internet.

DOE Contracting Officer (CO)

The person designated by the DOE as having DOE approval authority for matters pertaining to the Jefferson Lab contract.

DOE ES&H Program Manager (PM)

The person designated by the DOE to have approval authority with the CO for matters pertaining to the WSS (Work Smart Standards) if there is a potential change in the level of protection in environment, safety, or health.

DOE reportable occurrence

Any unusual or unplanned event that has or could adversely affect public health; the performance, reliability, or safety of a facility; or the environment, as described in ES&H Manual Chapter 5300 Appendix T1 Occurrence Reporting to Department of Energy (DOE) and Notification Procedure. Reportable occurrences are classified by their potential for personal injury, environmental damage, and/or equipment loss. Additional information on the occurrence categorization process is available in DOE Manual 231.1-2.

dose

1. Term used to include absorbed dose, equivalent dose, effective dose, committed equivalent dose, committed effective dose, or total effective dose as defined in 10CFR835.

2. Generic term applied to quantities such as dose equivalent and its derivatives, and somewhat less formally to exposure.

dose equivalent

The absorbed dose measured at a point multiplied by a Quality Factor that accounts for the relative biological damage of the specific type of radiation.

dose equivalent rate

Dose equivalent divided by the time period.

dose tracking

The use of supplemental, direct reading dosimeters (or other equivalent means) for purposes of assessing, tracking and managing radiation exposures associated with a particular work activity.

E

effective dose equivalent (HE)

For purposes of compliance with 10 CFR 835, deep dose equivalent to the whole body may be used as effective dose equivalent for external exposures. The effective dose equivalent is expressed in units of rem (or sievert). (See “effective dose”)

effective dose

The summation of the products of the equivalent dose received by specified tissues or organs of the body (HT) and the appropriate tissue weighting factor (wT)— that is, E = ΣwTHT. It includes the dose from radiation sources internal and/or external to the body. (See “effective dose equivalent”).

effluent

Any treated or untreated air emission or liquid discharge, including stormwater runoff, at a site or facility.

Electrical Authority Having Jurisdiction (EAHJ)

An entity authorized by Jefferson Lab and approved by the Thomas Jefferson Site Office that makes decisions regarding relevant regulations, codes, and standards used to develop practices and procedures that protect both qualified and unqualified persons from exposure to hazards associated with electrical work. This entity also reviews requests for clarification, interpretation, or equivalency to requirements and grant exemptions where it is assured that equivalent safety is achieved by the deviation.

electrical power distribution

The arrangement of feeders, transformer substations, electrical panel boards, and circuit breakers that supply electrical power to end user connection points.

electrical system

The assemblage of equipment that delivers AC electrical power to permanently-connected loads, including AC utilization equipment. This includes utility feeders, transformer substations, circuit breakers, busses and wiring, and electrical panel boards.

electrically safe work condition

An equipment condition where sources of energy are removed; the disconnecting means is under one of the lock/tag/try methods, the absence of voltage is verified by an approved voltage testing device, and, where applicable, temporarily grounded. NFPA 70E Article 120 provides details.

electronic

Pertaining to electrical circuits that use a variety of components (i.e., resistors, capacitors, conductors, etc.) to manipulate electrical signals and energy in a desired way. This does not include electrical distribution system equipment, but does include controllers and power supplies.

embedded laser

An enclosed laser with an assigned class number that is higher than the inherent capability of the laser system in which it is incorporated. When hazard ranking the laser, the system’s lower classification is appropriate due to the engineering features limiting accessible emission.

Emergency Manager

Responsible for ensuring that Laboratory staff maintains an appropriate level of readiness for on-site emergencies, including the development and maintenance of pre-plans, preparations and other resources. Provides direct consultation and support to members of the Emergency Management Team and other planning or response teams.

Emergency Management

The process an organization uses to prevent, mitigate, and recover from emergencies. Consists of planning, preparing, responding, and readiness assurance activities.

Emergency Planning

Developing and preparing emergency plans and procedures; identifying necessary personnel and resources to provide effective responses in the event of an emergency.

Emergency Preparedness

The training of personnel; acquiring and maintaining resources; exercising the plans, procedures, personnel, and resources essential for emergency response.

Emergency Response

Implementation of emergency plans. Includes the decisions, actions, application of resources, and recovery.

emergency responder

Trained, professional emergency medical and firefighter personnel.

Emergency Warning Siren (Outdoors)

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employee

(Synonym: staff)

Any individual paid by JSA or the state, including students, full-time or part-time employees, and term or casual employees.

employee exposure record

A record containing any of the following kinds of information: (1) environmental (workplace) monitoring or measuring of a toxic substance or harmful physical agent; (2) biological monitoring results that directly assess the absorption of a toxic substance or harmful physical agent (including radiation) by body systems; (3) MSDSs indicating that the material may pose a hazard to human health; (4) a chemical inventory or other record that reveals where and when used and the identity of a toxic substance or harmful physical agent.

employee medical record

A record concerning the health status of an employee that is made or maintained by a physician, nurse, or other health care worker. It includes medical and possibly employment questionnaires or histories, results of medical examinations and treatments, and employee medical complaints.

enclosed laser

A laser or laser system located within a protective housing so that access to laser radiation above the MPE (maximum permissible exposure) limit is precluded. Opening, damaging, or removing the protective housing provides additional access than is possible with the protective housing in place and could expose workers to laser radiation above the applicable MPE. (An embedded laser is an example of one type of enclosed laser.)

Energized Electrical Work Permit (EEWP)

A document, approved by the Laboratory Director, to justify the need for doing Mode 3 manipulative work with the equipment energized. A Work Control Document including a formal Task Hazard Analysis; hazard control boundaries; Personal Protective Equipment (PPE); and specific steps to accomplish the task are developed and approved by the Associate Director/Division Manager (of group requesting the EEWP). Worker qualifications and any unusual aspects of the work are included. (See ES&H Manual Chapter 6220 Appendix T1 Energized Electrical Work Permit (EEWP) – Instructions)

energy-draining device

A physical device that channels the transmission or release of energy (e.g., grounding rods and vent valves).

energy-isolating device

A mechanical device that prevents the transmission or release of energy. Circuit breakers, disconnect switches, and line valves are examples of energy-isolating devices. Push buttons, selector switches, and other control circuit type devices are not energy isolating devices.

engineering controls

Measures designed to eliminate or reduce exposure to a physical hazard through the use of engineered machinery or equipment without active involvement of personnel. (These controls do not include HVAC systems.)

Components and systems that reduce airborne radioactivity and the spread of contamination by using piping, containments, ventilation, filtration, or shielding.

entry

Occurs when any part of the body breaks the plane of a confined space opening.

entry supervisor

The individual responsible for determining if acceptable entry conditions are present at a PRCS when entry is planned, authorizing entry, overseeing entry operations, and terminating entry. (Note that the entry supervisor may not be the individual’s Supervisor.)

environment

Surroundings in which an organization operates (including air, water, land, natural resources, flora, fauna, and humans) and their interrelations. Surroundings extend from within an organization to the global system.

environmental aspect

Any element of an organization’s activities, products, or services that interacts with the environment (cause). This applies to impacts ranging from negligible to significant (e.g., emissions to the air as the result of operating forklifts, etc.).

environmental aspect category

Used to separate environmental aspects into groupings (e.g., regulated waste, ionizing radiation, etc.).

environmental aspect, significant

Any feature of an organization’s activities, products, or services that can interact with the environment and has or can have a considerable impact on the environment.

environmental baseline

The approved description of chemical, biological, physical, and radiological characteristics (determined primarily through groundwater monitoring) that represents the starting level for evaluating Jefferson Lab’s effect on the environment.

environmental impact

Any change to the environment, whether adverse or beneficial, wholly or partially resulting from an organization’s activities, products, or services (effect) (e.g., change in air quality as the result of emissions from equipment, etc.).

environmental management procedure (EMP)

A Standard Operating Procedure (SOP) that documents Jefferson Lab’s EMS management procedures.

Environmental Management System (EMS)

The part of the overall management system that includes organization structure, planning activities, responsibilities, practices, procedures, processes, and resources for developing, integrating, achieving, reviewing, and maintaining the environmental program; a continuing cycle of planning, implementing, evaluating, and improving processes and actions undertaken to achieve environmental goals.

environmental monitoring

The use of instruments, systems, or special techniques to measure liquid, gaseous, and/or airborne effluents and contaminants.

environmental performance measure

Measurable results of the EMS, related to an organization’s control of its environmental aspects, based on its environmental program, objectives, and goals.

Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)

The federal agency that represents the executive department in protecting the nation’s environment. Their realm includes surface water, groundwater, land, geological resources, and air resources. The EPA is involved in research and development, developing regulations, enforcing regulations, providing information, educating the nation, and investigating issues. (40 CFR series) See http://www.epa.gov/

environmental surveillance

The all-encompassing act of monitoring the environment, measuring, collecting, and analyzing samples of air, water, soil, foodstuffs, biota, and other media from DOE sites and their environs. Its purpose is to show that applicable standards are met, to assess radiation exposures to members of the public, and to assess effects, if any, on the environment.

environmentally harmful material (EHM)

Any material that could have a negative impact on the environment or public health, including EHSs, HSs, toxic chemicals, and more.

equipment

A general term used to describe a mechanical or electrical machine or system that may require maintenance or repair.

equivalent dose

The product of average absorbed dose (DT,R) in rad (or gray) in a tissue or organ (T) and a radiation (R) weighting factor (wR). For external dose, the equivalent dose to the whole body is assessed at a depth of 1 cm in tissue; the equivalent dose to the lens of the eye is assessed at a depth of 0.3 cm in tissue, and the equivalent dose to the extremity and skin is assessed at a depth of 0.007 cm in tissue. (See “dose equivalent”).

Escort

Anyone having the appropriate training and authorization to enter the area(s) being visited. (Exception: Subcontract employees are allowed to provide escort services for deliveries of materials only, unless otherwise defined within their contract.)

ESH&Q Reporting Officer

The person with direct responsibility for categorizing and communicating all DOE reportable occurrences. This person is responsible for determining if incidents meet the ORPS reportability threshold, as well as the specific codes for severity and classification. (See ES&H Manual Chapter 2210 Appendix R1 Staff Assigned to ES&H Activities for contact information.)

essential personnel

Those whose duties and responsibilities are essential in carrying out critical operations or who have key knowledge, skills, or access to resources necessary to protect other people and/or Lab property. The designation of Essential Personnel is made by the respective department director or group leader, and the list should be reviewed at least quarterly to ensure accuracy. Note that Essential designations may be different for different types of emergencies; more than one list may be appropriate.

Evacuation Drill Coordinator

Prepares and performs evacuation drills in assigned buildings in accordance with ES&H Manual – Fire Protection Supplement – Chapter 9: Evacuation Drills.

event (see also: incident)

1. An Assessment/Audit performed on the behalf or request of an inside/outside agency or entity, or as part of a contract commitment. Generally assessments/audits require a formal report to document any noted deficiencies. (Includes: ES&H Manual Revisions, Environmental Management System (EMS) Reviews, Independent Assessments (IA), Management-Self (or similar) Assessments (MSA), Project Deadlines, Safety Team Reviews, and Worker Safety Committee findings)

2. Inspection activities that are generally scheduled and performed by in-house staff, on a regular basis, on behalf of upper-level management or to monitor safety requirements. (Includes: ES&H Department Inspections, ESAF Walkthroughs, Laser Safety Inspections, Safety Warden Monthly and Quarterly Inspections, Observations by External Sources, Management, Staff, or Workers)

3. An occurrence that results in an undesired workplace incident that causes injury, illness, property or equipment damage, environment concern, or disruption of operations. (Includes: First-aid, Occurrence, or Notable Event)

(See ES&H Manual Chapter 5200 Event Investigation and Causal Analysis Process.)

Event Owner

The person responsible for ensuring that all issues are completed and closed before the related event is submitted for closure.

examination

The quality control functions performed by the manufacturer, fabricator, erector, or other parties authorized by Jefferson Lab, which include nondestructive examinations such as visual, radiography, ultrasonic, eddy current, liquid penetrant, and magnetic particle methods.

examiner

A person qualified and certified to perform examination duties.

excavation

Digging, grading, tunneling, trenching, or drilling below grade, and installing stakes, rods, etc. to a depth greater than 6-inches. This includes penetrations of slabs on grade such as sidewalks and roads.

excluded vessels

Pressurized vessels that do not fall within the scope of the ASME Pressure Vessel Code. The ASME Code specifically excludes: Vessels having an internal or external operating pressure not exceeding 15 psi; Vessels having an inside diameter, width, height, or cross section diagonal not exceeding 6 inches; Machinery such as pumps, compressors, turbines, generators, and engines; Most piping systems or structures whose primary function is the transport of fluids from one location to another within a system of which they are an integral part; Vessels with a nominal water-containing capacity of 120 gal or less for containing water under pressure, including those containing air that is compressed to serve as a cushion; Hot water supply storage tanks heated by steam or any other indirect means, limited to 120 gallons, 210°F, and a heat input of 200,000 BTU/hr; Department of Transportation (DOT) regulated cylinders and dewars.

exclusion area

An area which all personnel must evacuate before electron beam can be transported through (e.g. the accelerator tunnel, BSY, experiment halls, and FEL Vault).

exempt vessel

A pressure or vacuum vessel designed such that the maximum differential pressure is always below 15 psi.

Experiment Operations Envelope (EOE)

A set of explicit operations limitations for a particular experiment for the purpose of ensuring safety due to ionizing radiation concerns and compliance with established DOE guidelines.

Experiment Safety Approval Form (ESAF)

Document prepared by the Lead Scientist of a User Group that details all non-standard safety hazards associated with a User experiment. It is submitted after scientific approval of the experiment by the FEL Technical Advisory Committee (TAC) and assignment of beam time by the FEL Program Manager. (See ES&H Manual Chapter 3130 Appendix T1 FEL Experiment Safety Approval Form – Instructions.)

Experimental Safety Assessment Document (ESAD)

This document describes identified hazards of an experiment and the measures taken to eliminate, control, or mitigate them. Particular attention must be paid to the analysis and evaluation of conditions that may pose special safety problems. It includes the Safety Analysis and reviews or defines the Safety Envelope for the equipment; it references the Radiation Safety Assessment Document (RSAD), which documents the experiment operations envelope and addresses ES&H issues associated with direct and induced radioactivity. (See Typical Outline for a Preliminary Experiment Safety Assessment or an Experiment Safety Assessment Document.)

exposure

Used loosely to describe the absorption, ingestion, or inhalation of radioactive material or absorption of radiation emitted from external radiation sources (see exposure rate).

exposure incident

Any contact with blood or other potentially infectious material that results from the performance of an employee’s duties. For example, a specific exposure involving eye, mouth, other mucous membrane, parenteral, or non-intact skin contact.

exposure rate

The rate of exposure to external sources of ionizing radiation, usually measured in units of microRoentgen per hour (μR/hr). 1 Roentgen refers to the amount of photon radiation required to produce ions carrying 1 electrostatic unit of electrical charge (2.08 billion electrons) in 1 cubic centimeter of air at standard temperature and pressure.

external dose or exposure

That portion of the dose equivalent received from radiation sources outside the body (e.g., "external sources").

external standard invoked by law

A standard generated by an organization other than JSA where at least some of the provisions in the standard are required by a law or regulation.

external standard not invoked by law

A standard generated by an organization other than JSA where none of the provisions in the standard are required by a law or regulation. JSA may elect to use such a standard to further improve work processes or control hazards.

extremely hazardous substance (EHS)

Any of 406 chemicals identified by the EPA to be potentially hazardous to life and health if released. If present on-site in quantities exceeding the regulated threshold planning quantity (TPQ) the facility shall notify local Emergency Planning and Response Group (EPGs) under EPCRA. EHSs are listed in 40 CFR 355 (Appendices A and B).

eyewash

Device used to irrigate and flush eyes exposed to a chemical substance. Performance requirements such as flow rates and distances to the eyewash are recommended by ANSI Standard Z358.1.

F

facility

A building, portable structure, its immediate site, and/or the characteristic operations and apparatus within it.

Facility Manager

See ES&H Manual Chapter 2210 Appendix R1 Staff Assigned to ES&H Activities.

fail-safe

Describes a system or device that is designed to not cause harm when it fails, and the resulting condition or operational mode is safe.

(e.g. “fail-safe interlock” is a mechanism through which the failure of a single mechanical or electrical component of the interlock causes the laser system to go into, or remain in, a safe mode.)

FEL Accelerator Physics Manager

Responsible for design and operation of the accelerator for the FEL. The Manager plans and coordinates accelerator physics measurements and serves as the primary interface for any modifications, upgrades, etc., to the accelerator system.

FEL Operations Directives Supplement (FELODS)

Describe compliance with applicable guidelines, including operations programs, procedures, and documentation. (See Free Electron Laser Operations Directives Supplement to the Accelerator Operations Directive)

FEL Physics Advisory Committee (FEL PAC)

Advises the Jefferson Lab Director and the FEL Program Manager on the technical merit of a proposed user program.

FEL Technical Advisory Committee (FEL TAC)

Advises the FEL’s Facility Manager as to the feasibility and safety aspects of performing a proposed User program.

files custodian

The individual who creates and maintains a set of files.

filler metal

The metal or alloy to be added in making a welded, brazed, or soldered joint.

final control element

An energy isolation device such as a contact, relay, or switch used by the Safety Interlock System to remove power from a critical device or hazard producing equipment.

Final Safety Assessment Document (FSAD)

The document containing the results of a safety analysis for the Jefferson Lab accelerator facility pertinent to understanding the risks of the proposed undertaking. This document includes formal limits for exposures to radiation and addresses oxygen deficiency hazards.

fire alarm control panel (FACP)

An electronic console that provides a visual indication of the system status and serves as a diagnostic point for connected circuits.

fire classifications

Letter designations given to each of the major types of fires.

fire detection system

An engineered system of devices that automatically detects heat, smoke, or other products of combustion and actuates an alarm.

fire extinguisher rating

An indication of which class or classes of fires a given extinguisher may be used against.

fire suppression system

A mechanical system that detects a fire, actuates an alarm, and suppresses the fire.

fire watch

National Fire Protection Association – NFPA 101, Fire Watch states: “The assignment of a person or persons to an area for the sole purpose of notifying the fire department, the building occupants, or both of an emergency; preventing a fire from occurring; extinguishing small fires; or protecting the public from fire or life safety dangers.”

fire-rated

The time, in minutes or hours, that materials or assemblies have withstood a fire exposure in accordance with test procedures of NFPA 251, Standard Methods of Fire Tests of Building Construction and Materials.

Fires Class A

Ordinary combustibles like paper, wood, cloth, and many plastics

Fires Class B

Flammable liquids like oil, gasoline, paints, and solvents

Fires Class C

Electrical equipment and wiring

Fires Class D

Combustible metals like magnesium and sodium

first aid

Any one-time treatment (and any follow-up visit for the purpose of observation) of minor scratches, cuts, burns, splinters, and so forth, that does not ordinarily require medical care. Such one-time treatment and follow-up are considered first aid even if provided by a physician or registered professional personnel.

first-line protection

The primary protective system provided to prevent physical contact with energized equipment. Covers, shielding, and enclosures are examples of first-line protection.

flame arrestor

A device which inhibits the propagation of a flame.

flammable gas

Any gas or gas mixture that will ignite in a 13% or lower concentration with air at 14.7 psia and 68°F.

flammable liquid

Any liquid with a flash point below 100°F.

flammable solid

Any material, other than an explosive, liable to cause fires through friction, absorption of moisture, spontaneous chemical change, retained heat from manufacturing or processing, or that can be readily ignited and when ignited burns so vigorously and persistently as to create a serious hazard.

forklift attachment

Any modification or addition to a forklift that affects its capacity, stability, or safe operation.

functional requirements specification

The application-specific requirements of a safety interlock system. These may include: 1) reliability requirements from the hazard analysis, 2) definition of the safe state of the process, 3) process inputs to the safety interlock system and their set point and limit values, 4) response time, 5) human-machine interfaces, 6) safety interlock system outputs and their actions, 7) logic and math functions, including any permissive required for proceeding, and 8) reliability requirements to minimize spurious trips.

G

gas metal arc welding (GMAW)

The welding torch has a center consumable wire that maintains the arc as it melts into the weld puddle. (Also known as Manual Inert Gas (MIG) welding.

gas tungsten arc welding (GTAW)

The arc is established between a non-consumable tungsten electrode and the work piece producing the heat to melt the abutting edges of the metal to be joined; filler rod may also be used. Argon or helium is fed into the annular space around the electrode to maintain the inert environment. (Also known as tungsten inert gas (TIG) welding).

gas-tight goggles

Goggles that do not have any pores for vapor infiltration and consequently may fog up.

gauss (G)

Unit of measurement for magnetic flux density: 10,000 G = 1 Tesla (T).

General Employee Radiation Training (GERT)

The radiation safety awareness course required of everyone at Jefferson Lab who is not a radiation worker and does not take a more specialized Radiation Worker course. (See http://www.jlab.org/div_dept/train/)

generator

Any person at Jefferson Lab whose act or process produces solid waste that qualifies as a regulated medical waste or whose act first causes a solid waste to become a regulated medical waste.

gestation period

The time from conception to birth, approximately 9 months.

Graded Approach

A method used to determining the appropriate level of analysis, management controls, documentation, or other necessary action(s) to determine where and when resources are to be allocated to ensure items and/or processes have the greatest effect upon personnel, environment, safety, health, cost, data, equipment, performance, quality and schedule. (See QA/CI Department Graded Approach Procedure)

gray (Gy)

SI unit of absorbed dose. One gray is equal to an absorbed dose of 1 joule per kilogram (100 rads).

grinding

The act of sharpening, shaping, or removing metal via abrasion; often using hand held power tools.

ground-fault circuit interrupter (GFCI)

A device that de-energizes a circuit when it detects an unsafe flow of electrical current to ground. It protects people from electrical shock.

grounding

A conducting connection, intentional or accidental, between an electrical circuit or equipment and the Earth – or some conducting body that serves as the Earth, e.g., structural steel, pipes, ground bus bars, etc.

grounding point

The high-voltage contact point, such as the terminals of a capacitor, where the grounding hook is to make contact so as to release and dissipate a circuit’s stored energy. Such a point shall be indicated by a yellow, circular marker.

grounds, electrical

Any designated conductor with adequate capacity to carry potential currents to earth. Designated conductors may be building columns or specially designed ground-network cabling, rack, or chassis ground. Cold water pipes, wireways, and conduits shall not be relied upon as electrical grounds.

grounds, massive

Large areas of metal, concrete, or wet ground that make electrical isolation difficult or impossible.

groundwater⁽¹⁾

Water that fills interstices in the ground. Groundwater most commonly occurs in saturated porous strata and in fissured rock. The porous strata are usually confined by an impermeable layer or layers. Groundwater flows to wells, springs, or other points of recovery.

Group Lock, Tag, and Try (LTT)

or

(group lockout/tagout)

A procedure used to secure a hazardous energy source when a group of individuals (more than one) is assigned to perform service or maintenance. This procedure affords each individual protection equivalent to that provided by a personal lockout or tagout device. (See ES&H Manual Chapter 6110 Appendix T3 Group Lock, Tag, Try (LTT) Procedure.)

Group Lock, Tag, Try (LTT) Coordinator

or

(group lockout/tagout coordinator)

An individual designated by management as responsible for ensuring that all steps of the group LTT procedure are followed. This individual is specifically appointed with overall responsibility to assure that all energy sources are under lockout and tagout. The coordinator is required to account for all persons working under the group lockout. (See ES&H Manual Chapter 6110 Appendix T3 Group Lock, Tag, Try (LTT) Procedure.)

H

Hampton Roads Sanitation District (HRSD)

The regional, publicly-owned wastewater treatment facility system that handles and monitors Jefferson Lab’s industrial wastewater discharges (IWDR). See http://www.hrsd.com/

hazard ⁽¹⁾

An event or physical condition that has the potential to cause fatalities, injuries, illness, property damage, infrastructure damage, agricultural loss, damage to the environment, interruption of business, or other types of harm or loss.

Hazard-based safety approach (HBSA)

A way to reduce risk of harm by addressing each hazard. This approach determines which undesirable effects are to be avoided, the susceptibility to them, their conditions and causes, and appropriate protection against them.

hazard class

For electrical equipment see ES&H Manual Chapter 6230 Appendix T1 Determining Equipment Class and Work Modes - Table 1 – Electronic Work Hazard Classes and Restrictions

hazard evaluation

An evaluation performed by Industrial Hygiene, or other department as appropriate, to determine if an activity or area requires additional safety precautions to mitigate a hazard issue. Anyone at Jefferson Lab may request a hazard evaluation. If it is determined that additional precautions are required the evaluator informs the supervisor/subcontracting officer’s technical representative (SOTR)/sponsor of the hazard, who then informs affected individuals and ensures that mitigation requirements are implemented.

hazard issue

A hazard identified as applicable to Jefferson Lab that requires a formal procedure to establish an adequate level of protection. Jefferson Lab has established standards and practices to address identified hazard issues. See ES&H Manual Chapter 2410 Appendix T1 Hazard Issues List for the current listing of recognized hazard issues.

hazardous chemical (HC)

Any chemical that poses a physical or health hazard as defined by OSHA regulations (29 CFR 1910.1200). There is no definitive list, but TPQs for hazardous chemicals are established.

hazardous material (HazMat)

A material that has been determined to be capable of posing unreasonable risk to health, safety, and/or property and requires special care in handling. The term includes hazardous substances, hazardous wastes, marine pollutants, and elevated temperature materials. Hazardous materials are listed in 49 CFR 172 – Subpart B – Table of Hazardous Materials and Special Provisions.

hazardous substance (HS)

A substance, designated by regulation, that could harm people or the environment, including compounds, mixtures, hazardous wastes, toxic pollutants, and hazardous air pollutants. HSs are listed in 40 CFR 302.4 – Designation of Hazardous Substances.

high contamination area

Any area, accessible to individuals, where removable surface contamination levels exceed or are likely to exceed 100 times the removable surface contamination values specified in 10 CFR 835.

high current power source

A source low voltage source ,with a designed or related output current of greater than 110 Amperes to a designed, or with a rated output power greater than 5KVA (volt-amperes).

high-performance work team (HPWT)

Focuses on a specific scope of activities for a predetermined period of time. Typically consists of a group (single or multi-disciplines) brought together to solve single or multiple issues/problems/challenges; or improve products, services, processes, procedures, systems etc. Typically lead by trained facilitator(s). It adheres to a formalized structure that includes documenting the following:

· Identified problem(s), scope, objectives, and deliverables

· Team charter or mission

· Discussion topics

· Workshop activities such as issues concerns, ideas for solutions or improvement, action items, etc.

Less formal processes such as standing committees, having a charter and goals, are also acceptable forms of a HPWT assuming meeting minutes and actions are captured.

Documentation is the key to claiming credit for a HPWT. Therefore, documenting the process and results by an executive summary report or through committee meeting minutes is paramount.

(See High Performance Work Team Procedure.)

high radiation area

Part of a radiologically controlled area where the radiation dose rate is between 100 and 5,000 mrem/hour. A high radiation area is specially designated and posted. For high radiation areas where the radiation dose rate is greater than 1000 mrem/hr, access points are locked and guarded.

highly toxic

A chemical that falls within any of the following categories: a) has an LD50 of 50 milligrams or less per kilogram of body weight; b) a chemical that has an LD50 ≤ 200 milligrams per kilogram of body weight when administered by continuous contact with the skin for 24 hours; c) a chemical that has an LC50 in air of 200 ppm by volume or less of gas or vapor, when administered by continuous inhalation for one hour.

hiring manager

The Jefferson Lab employee who writes the posting, job description, and list of requirements to fill a vacant position. The hiring manager normally makes the final decision on which candidate to hire.

hoist

Machinery used for lifting or lowering a freely suspended (unguided) load. Hoists may be: 1) Powered or hand-operated; 2) Stationary or mobile.

hook

A bent or curved piece of metal or other material, used to attach, suspend, fasten, or lift another object.

hot spot

Localized source of radiation or radioactive material normally within facility piping or equipment. The radiation levels of hot spots exceed the general area radiation level by more than a factor of 5 and are greater than 100 mrem (1 mSv) per hour on contact.

hot work

Work that creates high heat, sparks, or open flames and presents a risk of starting a fire. Examples are welding, brazing, some cutting, and grinding.

Hot Work Permit (HWP)

The primary tool used to prevent fire at Jefferson Lab (Click for Form). This permit is required for any work activity that uses an open flame (greater than a BIC lighter), including welding, brazing; or spark producing grinding or cutting operations, unless it is performed in an area established as a weld shop by an Operational Safety Procedure (OSP). (See ES&H Manual Chapter 6900 Appendix T1 Fire Protection: Hot Work Permit)

Hurricane Preparedness Condition (HPC) Checklists

Lists of actions necessary for timely preparation for hurricanes, or other devastating weather event, to minimize damage to people, equipment, and property. All major buildings at Jefferson Lab have individualized checklists. These are reviewed and revised annually. Checklists are organized in accordance with hurricane forecasts and preparation level. A complete set of checklists is available at http://www.jlab.org/intralab/emergency/weather/index.html.

Hurricane Preparedness Condition 1 (HPC-1)

The National Weather Service has determined that Hurricane Season is from June 1 through November 30. During this time Jefferson Lab elevates its awareness status to Hurricane Preparedness Condition 1 (HPC-1) and commences continuously monitoring of the weather forecast to ensure that laboratory operations are adequately protected should an actual event occur.

Hurricane Preparedness Condition 2 (HPC-2)

The National Weather Service has determined that when sustained winds of 74 mph or higher are possible within a specified area a hurricane watch is issued 48 hours in advance of the anticipated onset of tropical-storm-force winds. When this happens Jefferson Lab elevates its status to Hurricane Preparedness Condition 2 (HPC-2) and commences pre-shutdown activities.

Hurricane Preparedness Condition 3 (HPC-3)

The National Weather Service has determined that when sustained winds of 74 mph or higher are expected within the specified area a hurricane watch is issued 36 hours in advance of the anticipated onset of tropical-storm-force winds. When this happens Jefferson Lab elevates its Hurricane Preparedness Condition Status to 3 (HPC-3) and commences shutdown activities.

I

immediately dangerous to life and health (IDLH)

A condition that does, or will, pose a threat of immediate or delayed adverse health effects; or prevents escape from such an environment. NIOSH developed these guidelines for use by Industrial Hygienists to determine appropriate respirator use.

imminent danger

“…any conditions or practices… which are such that a danger exists that could reasonably be expected to cause death or serious physical harm immediately or before the imminence of such danger can be eliminated through the enforcement procedures otherwise provided...” Per OSHA Imminent Danger Section 13a.

impact goggles

Goggles that are directly vented and provide impact protection only. This type of goggle does not provide splash protection.

implementation

The actual methods by which a requirement is met.

incident (or accident)

An undesired workplace event that causes personal injury or illness, property or equipment damage, environmental damage, or disruption of operations.

indirect electrical hazard

A potential source of injury resulting from electrical energy that is transformed into other forms of energy (e.g., radiant energy such as radio-frequency energy, light, heat, or energetic particles; magnetic fields; chemical reactions such as fire, explosions, the production of noxious gases and compounds; involuntary muscular reactions; and mechanical movement of electrically powered equipment).

Induced radioactivity

The interaction of the accelerator beam with magnets, beam line components, targets, detectors, other experimental area equipment, and beam dumps can cause the formation of radioactive materials through activation (induced radioactivity). Activated materials continue to emit radiation after the accelerator has been shut off. The potential for activation to occur exists to some extent in most areas of the CEBAF accelerator and the FEL.

inspection

A process, performed by one or more qualified person, of examination of a target area, including its components, structures, systems, practices, and operations, against the standards and expectations described in the appropriate chapter of the Jefferson Lab ES&H Manual or its references including OSHA regulations. Performance of this process requires:

· Knowledge of the ES&H Manual and its referenced standard(s);

· Observation of the applicable item/action attributes;

· Comparison with the related standard(s) or expectations;

· Determination of appropriate conformance/performance; and

· Documentation and reporting of the results.

Quality assurance functions performed by an inspector, including verification of the performance of nondestructive examinations and pressure tests. Inspection shall also include verification that the pressure system satisfactorily conforms to all applicable examination requirements of the code and of the engineering design.

inspector

The designated person who acts for, and on behalf of Jefferson Lab on all inspections and quality matters, which include, but are not restricted, to the verification of examinations.

institutional training

ES&H courses that have been developed and are offered to meet the common needs of the laboratory. These include ES&H-related training directed at a single organization or type of job.

integrated into work

Included in the actual process of planning and performing work.

Integrated Safety Management (ISM)

The DOE approach for systematically integrating safety into management and work practices at all levels so that missions are accomplished while protecting the public, the worker, and the environment. http://www.jlab.org/ehs/ISM/

Integrated Safety Management (ISM) Plan

Provides a formal, organized process whereby people plan, perform, assess, and improve the safe conduct of work efficiently and in a manner that ensures protection of workers, the public, and the environment. This management system is used for ISM implementation to systematically integrate safety into management and work practices at all levels so that missions are accomplished while protecting the public, the worker, and the environment. At Jefferson Lab, the system includes, but is not limited to, safety and environmental requirements and processes contained in Jefferson Lab program documents (i.e., ES&H Manual, Environmental Management System Plan, Quality Assurance Plan, Radiation Protection Program), their implementing procedures (i.e., QA procedures, EM procedures) and project specific procedures (i.e., OSPs, Accelerator Operations Directives).

interlock

A function that automatically senses an unsafe condition and takes action to render the unsafe condition harmless.

internal dose or exposure

That portion of the dose equivalent received from radioactive material taken into the body (e.g., "internal sources").

ionizing radiation⁽¹⁾

Refers to (1) electrically charged or neutral particles, or (2) electromagnetic waves that are capable of directly or indirectly displacing electrons from atoms or molecules, thereby producing ions. Examples are particles (alpha, beta, and neutrons) and photons (gamma) that are emitted from the nucleus of an unstable (i.e., radioactive) atom during radioactive decay.

isolated closed loop cooling system

Piping, pumps, and water quality management system capable of containing radioactive liquid. Heat is passed from this system into a “clean” LCW system by a high integrity heat exchanger.

issue

A process deficiency; regulatory non-compliance; procedure inadequacy; material or equipment deficiency; identified during day-to-day work or by a formal review process. Examples include, but are not limited to, an item, service, part, component, or process that is not functioning correctly (out of compliance or not in accordance with applicable specifications); physical defects; test failures; incorrect or incomplete documentation; and deviations from prescribed instructions, procedures, or drawings, etc.

(Observations or opportunities-for-improvement, provided within formal event documents, that are not deviations from requirements, may be considered issues based on the discretion of Management).

J

JLIST

Jefferson Lab’s information database that contains, among other applications, ES&H course completion, as well as current SRLs. JLIST and LMS synchronize daily.

Job Task Analysis (JTA)

A tool that creates a Skills Requirements List (SRL) for an individual based on the answers to a series of questions about job(s), work hazards, and administrative responsibilities. (See https://mis.jlab.org/mis/apps/training/ejta/index.cfm)

job-related injury/illness

An injury or illness that occurs by accident and arises in the course of employment. A job-related injury must occur at some definite time and place on Jefferson Lab property or on behalf of Jefferson Lab’s interests. Job-related illnesses are considered certain specific disorders caused by environmental conditions in the workplace.

job-specific training

Training in support of skills, knowledge, and ability unique to a particular job, operation, or task that is customarily provided for the benefit of a comparatively small number of people. Supervisors typically provide this type of training, although, in some instances, Jefferson Lab may use designated expert co-workers, off-site, or contracted training providers. (This may be the case with new or proprietary equipment, for example.)

L

laser

A device that produces an intense, coherent, directional beam of light by stimulating electronic or molecular transitions to lower energy levels. (An acronym for light amplification by stimulated emission of radiation).

laser controlled area

An area to which personnel access is restricted for reasons of laser safety. It encompasses the nominal hazard zone of a laser.

laser hazard classification

A numbered system used to describe a laser’s capability to injure personnel. The classification system is defined by ANSI Z-136.1.

Laser Operational Safety Procedure (LOSP)

A Work Control Document, with a limited effective life of three years or less, that follows the standard format specified in ES&H Manual 6410 Appendix T1 Laser Operational Safety Procedure.

LOSPs address hazard issues associated with laser light of Class 3 and Class 4 and provides mitigation measures, procedures, and reference documentation for areas of concern. These include, but are not limited to, the FEL User Labs. An LOSP is generally written by the Laser System Supervisor for the area. It is approved by the Laser Safety Officer.

(A current listing of LOSPs may be found at: https://jlabdoc.jlab.org/docushare/dsweb/View/Collection-1917)

Laser Operations Directives (LOD)

Describes compliance with applicable guidelines, including operations programs, procedures, and documentation.

laser personnel/user

Qualified person who is directly involved in the operation of the laser or who is present in a laser-controlled area during laser operation.

Laser Safety Officer (LSO)

The person at Jefferson Lab with the authority to monitor and enforce the control of laser hazards; and to effect knowledgeable evaluation and controls of laser hazards.

laser system

A laser and its energy source, with or without additional incorporated components.

Laser System Supervisor (LSS)

The person in charge of a Class 3b or higher laser installation and its use including safety aspects of its operation and application. The person given authority to monitor and control the use of a specific laser.

latch

A mechanical device to close the throat opening of the hook.

LC50

The concentration of a toxic substance in air that causes death in half the test animal population under controlled administration.

LD50

The dose or amount of a toxic substance that causes death in half the test animal population under controlled administration either by ingestion or skin contact.

lead mechanical engineer/responsible designer

Engineer designated by a Division to be responsible for pressure vessel construction/design.

lead scientist

Spokesperson for each experiment who works closely with a Jefferson Lab staff member providing a direct path of communication between the experiment, the division, and the support groups. The Lead Scientist helps prepare memoranda of understanding and coordinates experiment installation. In ES&H matters, the Lead Scientist works with the FEL Facility Manager to ensure the safe installation and operation of the equipment. The Lead Scientist also serves as the ES&H review coordinator and facilitates the review procedure. This person is also responsible for preparation of the experiment’s Test Plan.

leak test

A leak test, as required by ASME B31 Process Piping, is a test that is performed post fabrication and prior to initial operation of the piping system to verify that the piping system is leak free and to satisfy examination requirements for joints that are not otherwise specified in the code or in engineering design. Leak tests will involve pressurization. There are six basic types of leak tests that apply:

Hydrostatic Leak Test

Pneumatic Leak Test

Hydrostatic-Pneumatic Leak Test

Initial Service Leak Test

Sensitive Leak Test

Alternative Leak Test

The reader is directed back to the code for specific requirements that pertain to each kind of test.

Learning Management System (LMS)

A completely web-based learning management system that maintains all SRLs and synchronizes data with JLIST daily.

lecture bottle

A small, compressed gas cylinder, typically less than 10 liters gas volume (this does not include dewars used for cryogenic fluids).

legacy pressure systems

Pressure systems that predate the implementation of the ES&H Manual Chapter revision and do not have pressure system identification numbers or Project Folders within DocuShare.

lethal service

Vessels containing poisonous gases or liquids of such a nature that a very small amount of the gas or of the vapor of the liquid, mixed or unmixed with air, is dangerous to life when such gases are inhaled or when persons come in contact with the liquid.

life-safety

Features of building construction and operations that ensure safe egress and that minimize the risk to occupants from fire and explosion. National consensus codes define life-safety provisions and practices.

line employee

JSA employee who directly produces a deliverable that is part of Jefferson Lab’s reason for existence.

line manager

Any management level within the line organization, including contractor management, that is responsible and accountable for directing and conducting work. (See Supervisor)

lines of inquiry (LOI)

One or more items or questions that provide consistent objective guidance to the assessor.

load – electrical

The electrical device or circuit having resistive and/or reactive impedance that consumes electrical energy from the power source. A printed circuit board or module is generally considered a single load. However, crate systems, capable of powering one or more modules or printed circuit boards within a single chassis are a unique special case. For such crate systems the backplane, its conductors and connectors, and installed boards or modules are all to be considered as a single load to the power source. The power source conductors are considered to terminate at the point of backplane connection.

load – weight

The total superimposed weight on the load block or hook.

load path

The route that a load will travel.

load shadow

The area beneath the load path that is kept clear of personnel during the movement of the load.

lock, tag, and try (LTT)

The approved method for securing hazardous energy sources and thereby making them safer for work. (See ES&H Manual Chapter 6110 Lock, Tag, Try (LTT) Program.)

lock, tag, and try (LTT) danger tag

A warning tag for maintenance/repair LTT at Jefferson Lab. It is used to warn people not to tamper with equipment that has the potential for the hazardous release of energy. Each tag must carry the printed name of the person who placed the tag. (See danger tag above.) (See ES&H Manual Chapter 6110 Lock, Tag, Try (LTT) Program.)

lock, tag, and try (LTT) lock

A specific lock used only for LTT purposes supplied by Jefferson Lab. It has a laminated-body construction with a color plastic band at the bottom and attached with a DANGER/WARNING label. Below is a typical lock. (See ES&H Manual Chapter 6110 Lock, Tag, Try (LTT) Program.)

lockout

A method of keeping equipment from being set in motion or of preventing energy from flowing through a device, whereby a disconnect switch, circuit breaker, valve, or some other type of energy-isolating device is locked in the safe position.

lockout lock

A specific lock used only for lockout purposes. Our maintenance/repair locks have a laminated-body construction with a colored plastic band at the bottom and a label with the owner’s name. Different sizes and shackle lengths are available to accommodate our many LTT applications.

lockout mechanism

Any of a number of adapters that enables a lock to be attached to an energy-isolating device, permitting the energy-isolating device to be secured in a safe position.

lockout/tagout (LO/TO)

A term used to refer to either a lockout, a tagout, or the combination of both. (See ES&H Manual Chapter 6110 Lock, Tag, Try (LTT) Program.)

low-pressure enclosures

A class of vessels and piping not covered by an ASME pressure vessel or piping code, but potentially stores energy in excess of 100 kJ. For the purposes of the welding program, this occurs when the product of its maximum internal or external pressure and its internal volume (P x V) exceed 40 atmospheres*cubic feet (atm*ft³). Vacuum piping exceeding this product AND having an inner diameter, width, height, or cross section exceeding 12 inches is considered to be a low-pressure enclosure.

lower-tier subcontractors

(see: subcontractor)

All additional subcontractors performing work on site for and under the direction of a business that is under contract with Jefferson Lab.

M

magnetic flux density (β)

The number of flux lines that pass through a unit perpendicular area in a region of a magnetic field.

maintenance/repair lockout/tag out

Procedures used to prevent the unwanted release of energy or equipment from operating during fabrication, installation, maintenance, service, or repair. This includes diagnostic and test procedures.

managing division

The division that has daily operational control over a subcontractor’s operation. This includes control over quality, performance, adherence to technical and ES&H specifications, and authorization for payment.

manipulative operations

The removal, installation, modification, or connection/disconnection of components and related wiring on or within electronic or electrical distribution equipment. It does not include probing circuits and diagnostic measurements with suitably insulated test probes and devices.

manual inert gas (MIG) welding

The welding torch has a center consumable wire that maintains the arc as it melts into the weld puddle. (Also known as Gas Metal Arc Welding (GMAW).

material

Equipment, components, chemicals, products, and hardware, including but not limited to fasteners, structures, and consumables.

material handling equipment (MHE)

Any equipment, including cranes, hoists, forklifts and associated slings, hooks, pallet jacks, dollies etc., used in the handling of materials.

Equipment used for lifting, lowering, shifting, or otherwise moving materials. Jefferson Lab uses cranes, hoists, and forklifts to support and transport loads within designated areas, vertically or horizontally. Testing, labeling, and certification can be found in ASME B30.20.

material safety data sheet (MSDS)

Key to the hazard communication (HAZCOM) program. The MSDS includes detailed information on the material such as hazard characteristics and proper handling procedures. MSDSs can be found on-line http://jlab.complyplus.com/search/default.asp

maximally exposed individual

Hypothetical person in the general population who receives the highest dose from a facility, generally from all possible pathways. This individual is used for purposes of comparison with dose limits for the average person.

maximum credible fire loss (MCFL)

Property and content damage from a fire, assuming that the fire-suppression systems worked as designed.

maximum permissible exposure (MPE)

The laser radiation level a person may be exposed to without hazardous effect or adverse biological changes in the eye or skin.

maximum possible fire loss (MPFL)

The total value of the structure and contents within a potential fire area. This assumes that there is no automatic fire suppression or firefighting efforts.

medical certification

A written statement from the physician that attests to the ability of an employee to perform certain defined tasks without undue risk to his or her health or to co-workers.

medical monitoring

Refers to recurring or periodic examinations or diagnostics associated with specific exposure to special hazards. See ES&H Manual Chapter 2410 Appendix T1 Hazard Issues List.

memorandum of understanding (MOU)

An agreement between a group of experimenters and the Jefferson Lab Director that sets forth the commitments of the parties involved throughout the experiment.

microwave

Electromagnetic radiation with frequencies in the range of 300 MHz - 300 GHz.

modified duty

A modification of normal work activities to meet physical restrictions specified by the treating physician. This may include activity restrictions, time limitations, and special provisions for work areas.

monitoring

Periodic or continuous determination of the amount of ionizing radiation or radioactive contamination present in a region or in an effluent, for purposes of protecting human health and/or the environment.

Mrem

The unit of measure millirem (or thousandth of a rem). See rem.

multiplicity

Using two or more methods of fundamentally different natures to mitigate a hazard.

N

National Board Inspection Code

This is a widely adopted code that sets the criteria and procedures for maintenance, inspection, repair, alteration, and rerating for pressure vessels and boilers.

National Emission Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants (NESHAP)

Promulgated as U.S. EPA (40 CFR 61), limits annual dose equivalent to a member of the general public to 10 mrem due to airborne release of radioactive materials.

National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA)

Requires that federal agencies integrate environmental values into their decision making processes by considering the environmental impacts of their proposed actions and reasonable alternatives to those actions. (See http://www.epa.gov/Compliance/nepa/)

National Fire Protection Association (NFPA)

The recognized standard-setting organization in the U.S. for fire and life safety. http://www.nfpa.org/index.asp?cookie%5Ftest=1

Necessary and Sufficient (N&S) Process

Synonymous with, and replaced by, the Work Smart Standards (WSS) process.

necessary set

The collection of all standards identified by the WSS Process as Necessary. Implementation of these standards is subject to verification and audit by the Contracting Officer.

necessary standard

Identified by the Work Smart Standards, or through the ES&H Standards Change Process, as being a requirement that JSA must meet because of an applicable law or regulation, or because of an obvious need for which no law or regulation exists (such as the amount of ionizing radiation to which JSA can expose the public).

new employee orientation (NEO)

The formal introduction to Lab polices, culture, facilities, benefits, etc. conducted by HR on the start date of new hires (normally the first day of each pay period).

NIOSH-approved respirator

A respirator that has been approved for use by the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health. Such respirators and their instruction sheets have a NIOSH approval number and the tested and certified number markings.

noise controls

Engineered measures such as enclosures, noise-absorbing materials, and vibration-isolation devices.

nominal hazard zone

The space within which the level of direct, reflected, or scattered laser radiation during normal operation exceeds the applicable MPE.

non-code pressure vessels

A pressure vessel whose design cannot meet the intent of the applicable ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code.

non-code qualified construction elements

Construction elements where national consensus codes are not applicable because of pressure range, vessel geometry, use of special materials, etc.

non-code qualified design elements

Design elements where national consensus codes are not applicable because of pressure range, vessel, geometry, use of special materials, etc.

non-critical enclosure

A class of vessels and piping not covered by an ASME pressure vessel or piping code but having a P x V less than or equal to 40 atm * ft³. Vacuum piping having an inner diameter, width, height, or cross section less than or equal to 12-inches is considered to be a non-critical enclosure regardless of P x V and length.

non-critical weld

Any weld that does not fall into the categories of pressure vessel, pressure piping, code-exempt pressure vessels not containing water, material handling, low pressure enclosure, or non-critical enclosure as defined by this specification. An example of a non-critical weld is a non-structural sheet metal weld.

Non-destructive examination (NDE)

Testing generally described in terms of the probing medium used to detect surface and internal discontinuities in materials, welds, and fabricated parts and components. Performed by examiners and includes visual examination. NDE is also known as non-destructive testing (NDT).

non-destructive testing (NDT)

Testing generally described in terms of the probing medium used to detect surface and internal discontinuities in materials, welds, and fabricated parts and components. Tests are performed by examiners and include visual examinations. NDT is also known as non-destructive examination (NDE).

non-ionizing radiation⁽¹⁾

Radiation of insufficient energy to dislodge an orbital electron, but may be capable of significant energy deposition. The transition between ionizing and non-ionizing radiation occurs at an energy level of about 12 electron volts.

Non-Public Area

CEBAF Center’s (Building 12) common areas, common rooms, and hallways are designated as Public Areas during core business hours Monday – Friday under the DOE Foreign Visits Program. Visitors requiring access to any other area, or after hours, requires an Escort.

non-stamped pressure vessels

A pressure vessel whose design meets the intent of the applicable ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code, but is not stamped in accordance with the code.

nonstochastic effects

Effects due to radiation exposure for which the severity varies with the dose and for which a threshold normally exists (e.g., radiation-induced opacities within the lens of the eye).

normal lift

Lifts not meeting the criteria of Critical Lift.

normal operating conditions

Conditions during which a crane is performing functions within the scope of the original design and/or in acceptable environmental conditions without a SOP.

notable event

An unplanned or abnormal event that affects or has the potential to affect performance, reliability, safety, or the environment. It may or may not meet DOE occurrence reporting criteria.

O

occurrence reporting

Reports made to the DOE of reportable accidents or events. An occurrence is considered reportable if it has or could adversely affect public health, the performance, reliability, or safety of the facility, or the environment.

Occurrence Reporting and Processing System of Operations Information – DOE (ORPS)

An electronic, internet-based reporting and incident tracking system. The system lets staff at DOE sites and facilities across the country share occurrence/incident information and lessons learned.

ODH 0

The classification given to areas that have an estimated oxygen deficiency hazard fatality rate less than 10-7/hr and for which ODH awareness training is required for entry.

ODH 1

The classification given to areas that, without countermeasures, would have a fatality risk from potential oxygen deficiency of up to 10 times that of riding in an automobile.* ODH awareness training and multiple personnel are required for entry.

ODH 2 – ODH 4

Areas that have a major oxygen deficiency hazard – risk of fatality greater than 10 times that of riding in an automobile; significant training and medical approval are required for entry. See ES&H Manual Chapter 6540 Appendix T2 Classifications, Engineering and Administrative Control Practices, Training, and Medical Exclusions for more detail.

Operational Safety Procedure (OSP)

A Work Control Document, with a limited effective life of up to three years, that follows the standard format specified in ES&H Manual Chapter 3310 Appendix T1 Operational Safety Procedure (OSP) and Temporary OSP Procedure.

OSPs address unique or complex hazards not covered in the ES&H Manual, or require more specific detailed instructions. The document is signed by the appropriate authorities before work proceeds; and is read and signed by each worker before they take part in the work.

(A current listing of OSPs may be found at: https://jlabdoc.jlab.org/docushare/dsweb/View/Collection-1918)

operational upset

Off-normal operation or failure of equipment that poses a significant impact to lab operations or a safety risk code of >3 to resolve/fix.

operations envelope

Contains an agreed set of parameters within the Safety Envelope that delineates the boundaries and conditions within which an experiment is expected to run. The Operations Envelope for the experiment apparatus must be established as part of the ES&H Review and cannot be changed without approval of the ES&H Review Committee. The operations envelope, for operation of the FEL, has been specified and documented in an approval letter from the DOE.

Operations Manager

The Associate Director (AD) for Environment, Safety, Health and Quality Assurance (ESH&Q) serves as Operations Manager (OM) for the Emergency Management Team (EMT). The OM is responsible for coordinating the response to emergent events at Jefferson Lab. The OM is also responsible for categorization of an emergency event and ensuring initial notification is made to the Department of Energy (DOE) Emergency Operations Center (EOC) by the Reporting Officer.

operator

The actual crane or hoist operator. Any Jefferson Lab employee or subcontractor working at Jefferson Lab who is authorized to operate the facility’s cranes and hoists.

OSHA-Recordable Injury

Any work-related injury or illness that includes treatment beyond first aid. (DOE-Reportable Injury has the same definition.)

OSL Badge

A personnel radiation dosimeter consisting of one or more Optically Stimulated Luminescence detectors. OSL technology is similar to TLD, except that light is used rather than heat to stimulate the emission of light from the detector. The OSL badge may also contain track-etch, or other detectors.

other potentially infectious materials (OPIM)

Any unfixed tissue or organ from a human; HIV-containing cell or tissue cultures, organ cultures, HIV- or hepatitis B virus-containing culture medium or other solutions; blood, organs, or other tissues from experimental animals infected with HIV or hepatitis B virus; and human body fluids to include semen, vaginal secretions, cerebrospinal fluid, synovial fluid, pleural fluid, pericardial fluid, peritoneal fluid, amniotic fluid, saliva in dental procedures, any body fluid visibly contaminated with blood, and all body fluids in situations where it is difficult or impossible to differentiate between body fluids.

overcurrent trip condition

A condition for which an electric current limiting or interrupting means, such as a fuse, circuit breaker, resistor, electronic current limit or other suitable device has acted to limit or reduce the current from a power source to some lower predefined value.

overload

Any load greater than the rated load of a crane/hoist or piece of rigging equipment.

oxidizer

A chemical that readily yields oxygen or that vigorously promotes oxidation reactions or combustion.

oxygen deficiency

An oxygen concentration equal to 19.5% or less (by volume) at a typical barometric pressure of 760 mm Hg.

oxygen deficiency hazard (ODH)

A hazard due to the potential elimination of or reduction in oxygen available to breathe. See ES&H Manual Chapter 6540 Oxygen Deficiency Hazard Control Program

ozone-depleting substances (ODS)

Compounds that evaporate and rise to the upper atmosphere where they react with and destroy stratospheric ozone. The layer of stratospheric ozone is effective at protecting life at the earth’s surface from high-frequency, ultraviolet light. (See http://www.epa.gov/Ozone/science/ods/ Environmental Protection Agency)

P

parenteral

Piercing mucous membranes or the skin barrier through such events as needlesticks, human bites, cuts, and abrasions.

passive controls

A category of engineering controls that relies on basic physical principles to prevent or minimize a hazard’s effects.

peer review

Documented technical validation of vessel engineering design, to be conducted by at least one pressure vessel design engineer who meets the qualifications or organizational peer group comprised of at least one technical representative meeting the qualifications for Design Authority who was not involved as a participant, Supervisor, technical reviewer, or advisor in the work being reviewed.

Documented technical review of Non-Code Qualified Construction Elements to be conducted by at least one qualified independent (outside Jefferson Lab) design professional (i.e. professional engineer) or organizational peer group comprised of at least one technical representative meeting the qualifications for Design Authority who was not involved as a participant, Supervisor, technical reviewer, or advisor in the work being reviewed.

Documented technical review of pressure system engineering design, to be conducted by a least one qualified independent (outside Jefferson Lab) design professional (i.e. professional engineer) or organizational peer group comprised of at least one technical representative meeting the qualifications for Design Authority who was not involved as a participant, Supervisor, technical reviewer, or advisor in the work being reviewed.

performance measure

Contract-based system used to monitor performance for fiscal year goals in any category.

performance measures/metrics

Quantitative results used to gauge the degree to which Jefferson Lab has achieved its goals and/or contract requirements.

performance standards

Measures of ES&H -related performance identified in the contract.

permanent threshold shift

A significant, irreversible loss of hearing as shown on an audiogram.

permeation test

A standardized method of applying a test chemical to a fabric and determining when the chemical has permeated the material. Results are reported as breakthrough time, usually in minutes. Most permeation tests run for 480 minutes.

permissible exposure limit (PEL)

Refers to the regulatory limits set for the amount, or concentration, of a substance in the air. Approximately 500 PELs have been established based on an 8-hour time weighted average (TWA) exposure. Employers comply with PELs in accordance with OSHA requirements. Existing PELs are contained in 29 CFR 1910.1000 Table Z-1, the air contaminants standard.

Permit-Required Confined Space (PRCS)

Jefferson Lab defines a “PRCS” to be any area that meets all of the following criteria:

· Sufficient space for a person to enter and perform work;

· Limited/restricted means for entering/exiting;

· Not designed for continuous occupancy;

AND

· An actual or potential hazard.

Typical PRCS hazards include:

· A hazardous atmosphere;

· Toxic materials that affect the skin or can be absorbed through it;

· A material with the potential for engulfing a person or hindering quick escape;

· Internal configuration that could trap a person.

Entry is not allowed into a PRCS if there is a hazard that cannot be mitigated to RC<2 or lower by use of conventional controls (as listed on a permit). Inform the Confined Space Coordinator if this situation exists.

(See ES&H Manual Chapter 6160 Confined Space Entry.)

person in charge (PIC)

The person in charge of a lift. Normally it is the crane operator if he/she is operating the crane/hoist close to the load. Exceptions include lifts with mobile cranes when the person directing the load can be some distance from the operator or when several people are involved with the lift/move. In these instances, one person shall be designated the PIC and have overall responsibility for the safety of the equipment and personnel. If a crane from a crane service is used, the SOTR or his/her designee is the PIC. Also when work is being performed by multiple groups a PIC shall be designated to coordinate the work and ensure safety.

personal protective equipment (PPE)

Equipment that is intended to be worn or held by a person to protect that person from harm. Basic, non-specialized PPE includes:

· Hard Hat

· Safety Glasses w/Side Shields (as needed)

· Safety Shoes

· Hearing Protection

· Face Shield

· Gloves

· Knee Pads

· Proper Work Clothes

(See: ES&H Manual Chapter 6620 Personal Protective Equipment Program.)

Basic, non-specialized PPE does not include items used for electrical, chemical, hot work etc. See applicable ES&H Manual chapters for these requirements:

· 6122  Appendix T2 Hot Work Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)

· 6200  Appendix T3 Electrical Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)

· 6410  Appendix T3 Laser Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)

· 6610  Appendix T5 Chemical Personal Protective Equipment and Associated Control Measures

· 6630  Respiratory Protection Program)

personnel dosimetry

Device designed to be worn by a single person for the assessment of dose equivalent, such as film badges, thermo luminescent dosimeters (TLDs), and pocket ionization chambers.

personnel monitoring

Systematic and periodic estimate of radiation dose received by personnel during working hours. Also, the monitoring of personnel, their excretions, skin, or any part of their clothing to determine the amount of radioactivity present.

Personnel Safety System (PSS)

A system of sensors, interlocks, and warning devices designed to protect personnel from exposure to prompt radiation that could otherwise be present during operation of an accelerator or its components.

physician panel

A list of primary treating physicians from which an employee may select to care for an on-the-job injury or illness. Panels of medical specialists may also be provided when the primary treating physician recommends follow-up diagnosis, treatment, or therapy. See Occupational Medicine’s Injury Pamphlet.

piping system

Interconnected piping subject to the same set or sets of design conditions.

Piping refers to assemblies of piping components used to convey, distribute, mix, separate, discharge, meter, control, or snub fluid flows. Piping also includes pipe-supporting elements, but does not include support structures, such as building frames, bents, foundations, or any equipment excluded from ASME B31.3.

Piping components refers to mechanical elements suitable for joining or assembly into pressure-tight fluid-containing piping systems. Components include pipe, tubing, fittings, flanges, gaskets, bolting, valves, and devices such as expansion joints, flexible joints, pressure hoses, traps, strainers, in-line portions of instruments, and separators.

planned special exposure

Preplanned, infrequent exposure to radiation; separate from and in addition to the annual dose limits.

policy

A statement that expresses the philosophy, experience, or belief of an organization’s senior managers. Guidance toward attainment of stated goals. An overall plan embracing the general goals of a governing body. (The Jefferson Lab ES&H Policy is stated in ES&H Manual Chapter 1100 Environmental, Safety, and Health Policy.)

pollution prevention (P2)

Reducing or eliminating pollutants, contaminants, hazardous substances, and wastes at the source by modifying production processes, promoting the use of non-toxic or less-toxic substances, implementing conservation techniques, and re-using materials rather than putting them into the waste stream.

Portable hand tool

A device, with or without a motor, which is manipulated by an operator to achieve a desired result and is easily transported from one objective to another. (See ES&H Manual Chapter 6120 Portable Hand Tool Safety.)

Preliminary Experiment Safety Assessment Document (PESAD)

This document is a preliminary draft of the Experiment Safety Analysis Document (ESAD). It is optional, but recommended, as its use will provide insight into ES&H issues at an early stage of the experiment design, and its review by the Jefferson Lab E2RC will provide early feedback from the review process on the merits and acceptability of mitigating measures planned for addressing ES&H issues in the experimental apparatus design.

pressure enclosure

Any piping or vessel designed for internal and/or external pressure. Enclosures having maximum design pressures less than 15 psi are low-pressure or non-critical.

pressure piping

Pressure piping includes all piping and piping components designed for external/internal gage pressures, usually exceeding 15 psi, that are within the scope of the ASME B31 Piping Codes. Also included are piping systems regardless of pressure that:

• are part of building services (B31.9),
• handle substances that are flammable, toxic, or may cause irreversible damage to human tissues due to leakage under expected operating conditions.

Piping systems that can be excluded from this class of pressure piping include: [ASME B31.3, ¶300.1.3]

• piping systems designed for internal gage pressures at or above zero but less than 15 psi, provided that the fluid handled is nonflammable, nontoxic, and not damaging to human tissue as defined in ASME B31.3 ¶ 300.2 and its design temperature is between -20°F and 366°F.
• tubes, tube headers, crossovers, and manifolds of fired heaters that are internal to the heater enclosure.

pressure relief device

An automatic device used to relieve the pressure in a system. Examples include rupture discs, “pop-off” valves, non-reclosing rupture discs, and spring-loaded reclosing valves.

pressure relief valve

A calibrated, spring-loaded valve that will vent a container’s contents if safe pressure is exceeded. (Some gas containers use a rupture disc or a blow-out plug to relieve excessive pressure.)

pressure system

A system containing piping, its components, and/or pressure vessel(s) used to either convey or contain a pressurized fluid, including cryogenic, pneumatic, hydraulic, and vacuum. Vacuum systems must be considered pressure systems unless adequate measures have been taken to prevent pressurization above 15 psi. Pressure sources, fittings, pressure relief devices, and associated hardware such as gages and regulators are also integral parts of the pressure system.

Exclusions from the above pressure system definition are identified in ASME B31.3 Process Piping and ASME BPV Code Section VIII, Rules for Construction of Pressure Vessels. Exclusion under one of these codes does not provide exclusion under the other.

Piping systems that can be excluded from the definition of pressure systems include: [ASME B31.3, ¶300.1.3]

· piping systems designed for internal gage pressures at or above zero but less than 15 psi, provided that the fluid handled is nonflammable, nontoxic, and not damaging to human tissue as defined in ASME B31.3 ¶ 300.2, and its design temperature is between -20°F through 366°F

· tubes, tube headers, crossovers, and manifolds of fired heaters that are internal to the heater enclosure

Pressure vessels that can be excluded from the definition of pressure systems include: [ASME BPV Sec. VIII, ¶U-1(c)(2)]

· pressure containers that are integral parts or components of rotating or reciprocating mechanical devices

· a vessel for containing water under pressure including those containing air, the compression of which serves only as a cushion, when none of the following limitations are exceeded:

o a design pressure of 300 psi

o a design temperature of 210°F

· a hot water supply storage tank heated by steam or any other indirect means when none of the following limitations is exceeded:

o a heat input of 200,000 Btu/hr

o a water temperature of 210°F

o a nominal water containing capacity of 120 gallons

· vessels having an internal or external operating pressure not exceeding 15 psi with no limitation on size

· vessels having an inside diameter, width, height, or cross section diagonal not exceeding 6 inches, with no limitation on length of the vessel or pressure

Additionally, the following pressure systems are specifically excluded from this chapter:

· Department of Transportation (DOT) regulated cylinders and dewars

· roof and floor drains, plumbing, and sewers

· piping for hydraulic or pneumatic hand tools and their components downstream of the first block or stop valve off the system distribution header

· piping internal to instruments (not instrument piping)

· fire protection systems constructed in compliance with recognized fire protection engineering standards and adhering to the provisions set forth in ES&H Manual Chapter 6900 Fire Protection Program.

Pressure System Committee (PSC)

A committee chartered to serve as both a steering committee for pressure safety implementation and the final Jefferson Lab authority for the approval of qualifications of materials and components that have not been considered by the ASME Codes. The members shall include the Engineering Manager (or designee as necessary) who shall also serve as the initial chair of the PSC; a Cryogenic System Engineer (CSE); a Mechanical Engineer for Superconducting Radio Frequency Structures (MESRFS); a Facilities Management Engineer (FME), an Experimental Hall Engineer (EHE); an Environmental, Safety, Health & Quality representative (ESH&Q); and other technical experts appointed by the chairperson. The chairpersonship can be a co-chair arrangement and shall be rotated on a yearly basis. Committee membership is for a minimum of 18 months. The ESH&Q representative shall maintain the current membership list for the committee and provide for site wide accessibility to that list.

pressure test

A pressure test as required by the Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code is a test that is performed on pressure vessels post fabrication and prior to initial operation. Two types of pressure tests may apply:

Hydrostatic Test

Pneumatic Test

Refer to the code for the specific requirements that pertain to each kind of test.

Pressure Vessel

A container for the containment of pressure, either internal or external. This pressure may be obtained from an external source, or by the application of heat from a direct or indirect source, or any combination thereof.

Pressure vessels, for the purposes of this specification, shall be considered those vessels that are within the scope of the ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code Section VIII. The design, construction, and fabrication of these assemblies shall be in accordance with this Code. These pressure vessels may contain fluids or gases that are utilized for the containment of pressures in excess of 15 psi but less than 3000 psi. All pressure factors shall be taken into consideration whether during normal operating conditions or abnormal conditions and whether from direct or indirect pressure generating sources.

Pressure vessels that can be excluded from this class of vessels include: [ASME BPV Sec. VIII, ¶ U-1(c)(2)]

• pressure containers that are integral parts or components of rotating or reciprocating mechanical devices
• a vessel for containing water under pressure including those containing air, the compression of which serves only as a cushion, when none of the following limitations are exceeded:

o a design pressure of 300 psi

o a design temperature of 210°F

• a hot water supply storage tank heated by steam or any other indirect means when none of the following limitations is exceeded:

o a heat input of 200,000 Btu/hr

o a water temperature of 210°F

o a nominal water containing capacity of 120 gallons

• vessels having an internal or external operating pressure not exceeding 15 psi with no limitation on size
• vessels having an inside diameter, width, height, or cross section diagonal not exceeding 6 in, with no limitation on length of the vessel or pressure

Preventive Action

(See also: Corrective Action)

An activity that prevents a service, item, component, or process from becoming out of compliance with specifications, procedures, or regulatory requirements. (Preventive Actions are designated in CATS within the “Issue Type” pull-down menu. They have a “Significance Level” 0 or, in rare cases, 1; and their “Primary Cause Code” is generally “continuous improvement” or “tracking only.”)

probability level

The likelihood and frequency of an incident/accident occurring.

Probability Level	Description*	Estimated Probability of Accident Occurrence per Year
High (H)	An accident is likely to occur several times during task.	> 10^–1
Medium (M)	An accident may occur during the task.	10^–2 to 10^–1
Low (L)	Probability of an accident occurring is unlikely to happen during the task.	10^–4 to 10^–2
Extremely Low (EL)	Probability of an accident occurring is extremely unlikely to happen during the task.	10^–6 to 10^–4

(See ES&H Manual Chapter 3210 Appendix T3 Risk Code Assignment.)

procedural requirement

A procedure that identified personnel at Jefferson Lab must follow, but has not been identified by the Necessary and Sufficient Process as being an integral part of hazard abatement, and is not directly identified by the contract as a requirement.

program

The organizational methods and responsibilities used by management to attain a specific goal.

prompt radiation

Refers to ionizing radiation produced directly by operating an accelerator system/component.

Has a potential impact only within close proximity to an operating accelerator on the site; it is produced within the beam enclosure and its production stops when an accelerator is turned off.

psia/psi

Psi is an abbreviation for the “unit” pound-force per square inch; and psia is an abbreviation for a “property.” In this case it is the pressure (“a” stands for absolute) at a given point in a medium expressed in units of psi.

Q

Qualified

One who is trained, knowledgeable, and certified, if applicable, for the construction, maintenance, or operation of equipment; or a specified work method, and is trained to recognize and avoid the hazards that might be present with respect to that equipment or work method.

Quality Factor

The modifying factor used to calculate the dose equivalent from the tissue or organ absorbed dose at a point.

R

DOE Reportable Occurrence

Any unusual or unplanned event that has or could adversely affect public health, the performance, reliability, or safety of a facility, or the environment as described in ES&H Manual Chapter 5300 Appendix T1 Occurrence Reporting to Department of Energy (DOE) and Notification Procedure. Reportable occurrences are classified by their potential for personal injury, environmental damage, and/or equipment loss. Additional information on the occurrence categorization process is available in DOE Manual 231.1-2.

R-stamped pressure vessel

ASME official “R” stamp marked on a vessel indicates repair.

Rad

Unit of absorbed dose. One rad is equal to an absorbed dose of 100 ergs per gram or 0.01 joules per kilogram (0.01 gray).

RADACS

An independent computer system that logs data from area radiation monitors.

RadCon Manual

Jefferson Lab Radiological Control Manual. See http://www.jlab.org/ehs/ehsmanual/RadCon/index.html.

radiation area

Part of a radiologically controlled area where the radiation dose rate is between 5 and 100 mrem/hour. A radiation area is specially designated and posted, sometimes with ropes, tape, or floor markings. Activities in radiation areas may be controlled via Radiological Work Permits (RWPs).

Radiation Control Department (RadCon)

Administers the Jefferson Lab’s radiation control program site wide and is responsible for ensuring that ionizing radiation and radionuclides exposure of personnel and the environment is as low as reasonably achievable (ALARA), and in no case higher than statutory and regulatory limits. (See http://www.jlab.org/accel/RadCon/index.html )

Radiation Safety Assessment Document (RSAD)

Specifically addresses radiation and activation issues associated with the delivery of electron beam to an experiment. It includes an explicit calculation of the planned Experiment Operations Envelope (EOE). It identifies safety issues associated with the planned EOE and addresses mitigating measures that have been incorporated into the apparatus and runs protocol to ensure compliance during operation in the FEL, as defined by the DOE approval letter. It also contains appropriate decommissioning plans for the target and beam-activated components. (See Typical Outline for a Radiation Safety Assessment Document)

radiation worker MIL-HDBK-781A (01-April-1996)
Department of Defense Handbook for Reliability Test Methods, Plans, and Environments for Engineering, Development, Qualification, and Production

A person who has received specific training in radiation safety and is authorized for unescorted access to radiologically controlled areas and radiation areas. Such a worker might routinely receive 0.1 rem (100 mrem) of exposure per year above background dose.

Radiation⁽¹⁾

Prompt ionizing radiation produced by operation of an accelerator or its components.

Radiation Weighting Factor (wR)

The modifying factor used to calculate the equivalent dose from the average tissue or organ absorbed dose; the absorbed dose (expressed in rad or gray) is multiplied by the appropriate radiation weighting factor.

radio frequency (RF) radiation

Generally, electromagnetic energy with frequencies in the range of 10 kHz–300 GHz. Sometimes the term is used to refer more narrowly to the frequency range below 300 MHz.

radioactive material

For the purposes of this manual, radioactive material includes any material, equipment, or system component determined to be contaminated or suspected of being contaminated. Radioactive material also includes activated material, sealed and unsealed sources, and material that emits radiation.

radioactive material area

Any area within a controlled area, accessible to individuals, in which items or containers of radioactive material exist and the total activity of radioactive material exceeds the applicable values provided in Appendix E of 10 CFR 835. All radioactive material areas are approved by the Radiation Control Department and monitored per department procedures to comply with safety requirements.

radioactive material transportation

The movement of radioactive material by aircraft, rail, vessel, or highway vehicle when such movement is subject to Department of Transportation regulations or DOE Orders that governs such movements. Radioactive material transportation does not include preparation of material or packaging for transportation, monitoring required by this part, storage of material awaiting transportation, or application of markings and labels required for transportation.

radioactive waste

Solid, liquid, or gaseous material that contains radionuclides regulated under the Atomic Energy Act, as amended, and is of negligible economic value considering the cost of recovery.

radioactivity

The spontaneous nuclear transformations that may result in the change of atoms from one element to another.

radiography

Examination of the structure of materials by nondestructive methods, using a radioactive source or a radiation generating device.

radioisotope/radionuclide

An unstable isotope of an element that decays or disintegrates spontaneously, emitting radiation.

radiological area

Any area within a controlled area defined as a “radiation area,” “high radiation area,” “very high radiation area,” “contamination area,” “high contamination area,” or “airborne radioactivity area.”

radiological buffer area (RBA)

An intermediate area established to prevent the spread of radioactive contamination and to protect personnel from radiation exposure.

radiological control hold point

Cautionary step in a technical work document requiring the radiological control organization to perform some action or verification. The radiological control hold point requirements should be satisfactorily completed before the work is continued.

Radiological Control Operating Procedure (RCOP)

A special type of Operational Safety Procedure (OSP) required when the main hazard is radiological.

Radiological Control Technologist (RCT)

Radiation Control Department support personnel who provide health physics and radiological engineering, dosimetry, independent oversight, instrumentation, and calibration functions. They conduct work planning and radiological surveillance, assist in the implementation of radiological control, perform radiological analyses, and support the environmental monitoring program. They have the responsibility and authority to stop work or mitigate the effect of an activity if they suspect that continued performance of a job or evolution or test will result in the violation of radiological control standards, result in imminent danger or unacceptable risk, or result in the inadvertent release of radioactive material to the environment. This responsibility is in addition to the stop work authority possessed by all Laboratory staff in accordance with the Jefferson Lab ES&H Manual. Requirements: high school degree and some post-secondary education or technical training; and pursuit or current registry by The National Registry of Radiation Protection Technologists is encouraged. (See Radiation Control Supplement – Chapter 1 – Part 4 Radiation Control Department)

radiological posting

Sign, marking, or label that indicates the presence or potential presence of radiation or radioactive materials.

radiological work

Any work that requires the handling of radioactive material or access to radiation areas, high radiation areas, contamination areas, high contamination areas, or airborne radioactivity areas.

Radiological Work Permit (RWP)

A work-control document issued by the Radiation Control Department that specifies requirements for entry into, or working in, specifically designated portions of a radiologically controlled area (RCA). (See Radiation Control Supplement, Chapter 3 Conduct of Radiological Work, Part 2 Work Preparation.)

radiological worker

A general employee whose job assignment involves operation of radiation producing devices or working with radioactive materials or is likely to have routine occupational exposure above 0.1 rem (0.001 sievert) per year total effective dose equivalent.

radiologically controlled area (RCA)

A clearly posted area where access is restricted to designated, properly trained radiation workers who are wearing appropriate dosimetry equipment. (Properly escorted visitors with appropriate dosimeters are also allowed.)

rated load (capacity)

The maximum load designated by the manufacturer for which a crane, individual hoist, or piece of rigging equipment is designed or built.

reactive

A chemical that in the pure state, or as produced or transported, will vigorously polymerize, decompose, condense, or become self-reactive under conditions of shock, pressure, or temperature.

Readiness Assurance

The evaluation and corrective measures taken to ensure that planning, procedures, and resources have been adequately allocated.

reagent

A substance used in a chemical reaction to detect, analyze, or produce another substance.

record

To set down in writing; the only existing copy of a document; the copy of a document kept by the office responsible for its production; or a document stating results achieved or providing evidence of activities performed.

OSHA definition: Any item, collection, or grouping of information regardless of the form or process by which it is maintained (e.g. paper document, microfiche, microfilm, x-ray film, or automated data processing).

recordkeeping ⁽¹⁾

To collect and maintain a set of particular records and documentation for a minimum of the specified period of time noted in the regulations or program requirements.

records management

Planning, controlling, directing, and other activities related to creating, maintaining, using, and disposing of records to achieve adequate and economical management of laboratory operations.

records schedule

The means by which the disposition standards for records are published. The General Record Schedule (GRS) contains most schedules used at Jefferson Lab. The Jefferson Lab Records Schedule pertains to unique records not covered by the GRS and is supplemental to the GRS. Schedules may also be created locally, based on other regulatory guidelines.

recycling

A material is recycled if it is used, reused, or reclaimed (40 CFR 261.1I(7)). A material is used or reused if it is either used as an ingredient to make a product or used in a particular function as an effective substitute for a commercial product (40 CFR 261.1I(5)). A material is reclaimed if it is processed to recover a useful product or if it is regenerated. Examples include the recovery of lead from spent batteries and the regeneration of spent solvents (40 CFR 261.1I(4)).

redundancy

The replication of parallel interlock chains, ideally from the sensor through the final control element. All chains would have to fail for the interlock function to fail.

regulated medical waste

Items that are saturated with human blood or human body fluids. An item is defined as being saturated if it is capable of releasing blood or body fluids when compressed. Regulated medical wastes typically encountered at Jefferson Lab are discarded specimens, vaccines, and associated contaminated items; blood and blood products; sharps; any residue or contaminated soil, water, or other debris from a spill cleanup of a regulated medical waste; and any solid waste contaminated by or mixed with regulated medical waste.

regulation⁽¹⁾

A set of requirements developed by an administrative agency and, having been subjected to the rulemaking process, carries the force of law.

release

Any spilling, leaking, pumping, pouring, emitting, emptying, discharging, or disposing into the environment of any hazardous chemical (HC), extremely hazardous substance (EHS), hazardous substance (HS), or other environmentally harmful material (EHM) outside of those discharges authorized under an existing permit or other sanctioned program.

Rem

The special unit of measure used to express the relative risk of harm from a specific radiation exposure or dose of absorbed energy. The rem accounts for the biological effect of the given type of radiation as compared to the effect of gamma radiation. The name comes from “Roentgen equivalent man.”